1-VII-81
[List of book/paper references] [sketch map of Jakarta coast line] [Detailed diary entry of activities during day including oyster collecting at Western end of Jakarta Bay - to Marunda.]...[#1: ...All the oysters were middling or smaller - all pale pinkish - all very sharped edged - all c bottom valve deeply cupped]...[#2: ...Groyne at mouth of the Angke river "?Muara Angke"...; ...Collected oysters - mostly from W side of groyne at aboce mud tide level - mostly small - gathered frequently?...] [#3: ... Jaya Ancol, jetty near the aquarium; dived for oysters...]
2-VII-81
[Detailed daily diary ...Jakarta to Pelabuhan-ratu to beach near guest cottages "Bayu Amita" ... 4: Bayu Amita otel on W point of Pelabuhanratu Bay & beach - volcanic rock - dark sand (rutile etc) oysters numerous but very small inshore near beach & bay at foot of small gully. Larger on points - high intertidal & larger in very sheltered rock pools 0 but never as large as in Australia. Limpets - fissurellids like those from Sri Lanka. v. small mussels in crevisces under oysters. littorinids - L. granosa type on exposed rocks, smooth type inshore. neritids - smooth & white ribbed spp in more sheltered positions, black & brown ribbed species in more exposed situations. Urchins - low intertidal ]
3-VII-81
[Detailed diary of day] Checked out of hotel [Travel Hotel to W end of Tangung Piok to Palau Pari] [...]I went collecting out on reef flat S of Research Station ie of LON-LIP station 1. Collected some oysters S. cuccullata from mangrove (isolated) & some from dead Acropora (Ostrea folium). saw 2 medium sized Hyotissa hyotis. Thousands (probably millions of Ardraster? buried in sand - all about same size - came out when tide rose) also mottled starfish, blue Lindria flat & small flat (outer & inner reef flat). Collected drupes (?coralliophilids) from coral & Trochus sp. Collected pterids from coral, collected Isognomon from coral, weed & sand - more common on inner reef flat. 2 spp Posidonia - short & curved - very long & broad (fruit). 2 spp Halophila -coarse outer reef flat -fine inner reef flat. Plenty of Sargassum, some Turbinaria, variety of Caulerpa - inshore, mats of Laurencia.[...]
4-VII-81
[Sketch map of locations visited during day] Jane & I went out with Merso & a helper in Zodiac - left about 9am - visited. (1) in lagoon (Goba Besar) - coral bombies (2) on sandy slopes (3) Mangal on N side of P. Tengah (4) old frame no longer in use for holding net for holding fish (5) Houses on P. Kongsi - krang in holding ponds - piles of semi fossil Tridacnids (6) Lagoon edge N of P. Tikus - large bombies on sandy slope off sand flat (7) outer reef slope down to about 20' between P. Tikus & P. Gundul. Got home about 1.30. [Detailed description of oysters from frame of fish holding launch[?] (4) [...] Ostrea sp cf folium[...] same as oysters from (2) dead coral - particularly Acropora & from outside of other oysters such as Alectryonella plicatula (6) (7) & from other bivalves suchas as (2) Pinna & Atrina[...] Alectryonella plicatula taken (common) at all collecting stations except (3) of course. Mostly on Porites but also on faviids (Plesiostrea) & Acropora (?)[...]Saccostrea cuccullata & S echinata & (just possibly another species lighter & c ribs) on mangrove roots (Rhizophore prop roots & stems) in sheltered situations only - some large most small - not common - few had fallen off c dehiscing bark. Hyotissa hyotis at all coll. stations except (3) - very large - v v few detached - most young with spines & strong ribs. no Hyotissa sp or H. numisma seen though searched for.[...]
5-VII-81 Sunday
Processed material before breakfast then went wiyth Kerso & boatmen to N side of atoll where there is a pass at high tide.
#8 - over reef edge on steep slope - great variety of coral - paradise for fungiids apparently - very few Alectryonella in coral - plenty of Hyotissa hyotis - few Hyotissa sp. on one large bombie [?] under slope. & few ?Ostrea tuberculata in Porites bombie only got 2 (1 damaged) (Pedium very common in Porites). One large oyster ?Hyotissa sp on underside of loose dead tabular Acropora colony. Couple of Ostrea folium on Alectryonella - none on bases of gorgonians or sea whips - none on bamboo pole - though some L valves of gathered oysters were there - small - flat. Pteriids on gorgonians. Returned to Tanjung Priok [...]
6-VII-81
[Diary of daily activities - went to "Institute" to pick up oysters -List of specimens follows] Preserved only: O folium? - dead Acropora - v dark mantle edge & gills #1 Pulau Pari. Specimens frozen: - rest of soecimen preserved. J1: WAM 249-82: Ostrea folium from dead Acropora. J2: Alectryonella plicatula WAM 252.82. J3: - live Porites, & other corals WAM 254-82. J4: (Acropora etc) WAM 255-82. J5: Hyotissa Sp. Stn#8 from tabular Acropora (dead) 1954-84. J6: Alectryonella WAM256-82. J7: Ostrea folium growing on Alectryonella growing on Alectryonella WAM 248-82. J8: Dendostrea, Ostrea folium - from dead Acropora WAM 244-82. J9: "ditto" WAM 245-82. J10: Ostrea tuberculata from Porita bombie WAM 246-82. J11: "ditto" 247-82. J12: Alectryonella growing on Alectryonella J4. 257-82. (shell colour like bronze folium but fungopoint[?] sculpture. Look at sculpture of left valve - why would this be popillose?)...[discussion of mislabelling of specimens rom Muara Angke #2 1-VII-81][...]The large flat barnacle covered specimens from #3(Ancol in lagoon (Daman?) at Taman Impian Jaya Ancol (Jaya Ancol Dreamland!) - amusement complex next door to LON-LIP1( proved to be the same species of ?Saccostrea as the cupped oysters fro Mandurah. - some have fine ribbing at edge - same colour, chalky areas & coloured large muscle scar. Definitely not like any Saccostrea species found at home. - Will need to check flat chalky oysters which I though were a species of Ostrea found in N of WA.
7-VII-81
[Diary of daily activities- abridged here. packing and sending specimens to Australia]
8-VII-81
[Departed Jakarta on Singapore Airlines SP203 to Singpore, arrived at South Asia Hotel]
9-VII-81 Thursday
[Diary of daily activities abridged] [...] down to "beach" on Changi Creek - collected there below Cheshire Home & on Point - only one species? - difficult to find large ooysters - some larger ones on small rocks on beach. [...] Processed oysters - dead tired,
10-VII-81 Friday
Finished processing specimens [...] [Diary detailing travel from Singapore to Malaysia to Kuantan - Min Heng Hotel Jala Mahkota]
11-VII-81 Saturday
[Travel to Kuala Trengganu and Research Station [Unnamed]][...] Drove S to Cinering & went collecting on rocks on end of beach ot north of Point. -Rock oysters are of 2 species in more sheltered situations are ?S. echinata - not large but juveniles have slender long pipes. - collected few ded upper valves & broken & whole oysters. More exposed situations (& overlapping with last species) is S. cuccullata - medium sized to large - fairly abundant but not forming dense growths. Subtidally were some larger oysters including Hyotissa hyotis & some flat 5cm diameter Ostrea ? folium only got one of these - didn't collect H. hyotis (because not weight belt & very bouyant), Saccostrea being predated as tide was falling by drupes but larger thaids present - drupes drilling bear but not at edge of S ? echinata did not notice any cuccullata drilled. Olives & starfish off sandy beach in shallows [...] This station is regarded as a faculty of Universiti Pertanian Malaysia - for oceanography & fisheries studies [...]
12-VII-81
[...]set off out of research station N through Kg Batu Rakit (Floating Rock) to beach [...] We set off - with paddles - for rocks about 1/4 mile offshore [...] Dived in 0-20 feet - very silted bottom - fairly good coral gorwth - particularly in shallower water on NW side of emergent reef -not much Acropora - only one species -many Porites bombies - faviids mostly on N side of islet - Montipora particularly important on S side of islet, soft corals particularly on E side of islet. S. cuccullata only - intertidally. subtidally O. folium (folded & flat on rocks). H. hyotis & fewer H. sp. (large & flat) - some Hyotissa hyotis on living coral (Porites). v few O. tuberculata on Porites. No Alectryonella seen. Some spondylids & chamids subtidally. Check identity of smaller pinkish Hyotissa. Predators in crevisces on intertidal rocks. few small isognomonids among oysters, few clams - T. maxima & T. ?crocea or small smooth T. squamosa. Small cerithaceans etc on weed covered oysters.[...]
Monday 13-VII-81
[Opens with description of accommodation a research station][...]After leaving station we went along road to Kuala Terangganu - stopping to collect oysters in muddy rver at bridge crossing = river immediately N of Sg Terangganu - a very few were on mangroves (Avicennia) but many on intertidal stones & boulders in mud & on piles for bridge - found some big shells, white chalky inclusions & deep red muscle scar - only small - medium sizes alive. Water very turbid - salinity must change with tidal flow - not far from outh - would range from ?0- abt>30ppm I guess. (no barnacles at all - limited fauna). [Description of purchases.expenses in Kuala Terangganu]
Tuesday 14-VII-81
[Documented travel to Georgetown][...]So went down to SE corner of island - gave the oysters a spell in the muddy water there and came back to Georgetown[...]
Wednesday 15-VII-81
[Documented travel to Hat (or Haad) Yai in S Thailand by plane]
Thursday 16-
[Documented daily activities including travel to Satun, and offshore to a small island (Ko Pee)][...]went out to Ko Pee which has 2 houses (only 1 of which is inhabited. by Malays) & is a small bank of laterite stones about 3" & less in diameter. Quite large trees grow on the island & there are plenty of Rhizophora. The tide was high but dropping - we must have got there about 12.30 & we had to leave at 2pm or the boat would become stranded. Collected only small oysters on stones  washed into shallow water - the turbidity was very high & visibility would be about 2" if that. There were some large shells on the beach - chalky with white or reddish muscle scars - apart from commercialis-echinata type of Saccostrea on little rocks (seemed closer to commercialis in some ways - on some a couple of "pipes" seemed wider than echinata pipes & were short but eroded). Saw some eroded shells of O. folium on beach - possibly brought in from elsewhere. Many large Anadora ?granosa shell on beach. Telescopium in mangal. Large ellobiids auris judae or auris midae on beach long dead - smashed -unusual cuttlebone - no spine.[Return from Ko Pee, travel to Hat Yai and onto Sangkhla][...]went quickly to Sangkhla - to 'granite' cliffs at S end of beach on ocean side (ie not in lagoon) & collected oysters from narrow zone on boulders with coarse sand below. - most small - young fast growing oysters were dark reddish brown & seemed somewhat ribbed with flat scales - very difficult to chip off without damage. Some oysters a little larger - quite and audience, photo of cliffs & colourfully painted boats with garlands - possibly photo won't show dirtiness of beach nar them. Good bivalve fauna offshore. Water turbid but not muddy - must have been heavy weather - small urchins washed onshore & small Pinna. [Returned to Hat Yai]
Friday 17
[Documented days activities, including processing and preservation of collected specimens]
Sat 18
[Documenting days activities- travel to Bangkok]
Sun 19-VII
[Documented days activities - bus to Pattaya. boat to the island of Ko Lan, W of Pattaya][...]We were landed off beach at N side of Ko Lan - waded in - arranged to be back ar 3.30 (no watch!) - walked around to second point W of beach with restaurants etc & collected off point. Paradise for long spined urchins - Centrostephanus ? (white spines in rows underneath - 5 eyespots - large swollen exert or anus). Had to clear a path to get into water. Very nice coral growth. Large bombies of Porities & Symphillia - both with large numbers of arcids embedded - Poritesbalso with many Pedium & very few small oysters - Ostrea folium? probably not Alectryonella or O. tuberculata - small & on surface of living coral - not embedded. Oysters (?O. folium) in fairly large numbers on arcids (Arca navicularis?)-prized some off. Plenty of Hyotissa hyotis & perhaps also some Hyotissa sp. but hard to tell. No O. folium in coves or undercuts of bombies. No Hyotissa sp there either - those found were on overturned tabular Acropora or in crevisces. Plenty of spondylids - few chamids - good variety of coral. Plenty of Pavona. Couldn't go out far from shore because of ever-present speedboats. [...] Intertidally 2 rock oysters - Saccostrea cuccullata most with few coarse ribs but a very few with many fine ribs - all with pinkish tinge outside & also inside along the lips. They were numerous enough to form a shelf near HWL & then decreased & vanished just above. Below this level they gradually decreased in density to LWL. Thoughout this vertical range - except right at top - were scattered S. echinata - young with very obvious characteristically long slender spines & adults often with sharply raised anterior side & sloping to posterior to give [trapezoid sketch] in cross section. Didn't see any larger than 5cm in max diameter & these were rare. the largest seen with full spines was about 2.5cm diameter. No other species of Saccostrea was seen - alive or dead. A small species - possibly O. folium was found on boulders just at LWL below rock oysters at about level of first soft corals etc. No littorinids noticed - could have been too far down shore - fissurellids, acmeids & patellids collected. 3 muricids collected in oyster zone but only green bodied B&W drupe found boiring oysters - others cryptic in crevisce at L.T. Water clear, oceanic - protected when wind from S hit but would be wavedwashed in seasons of N wind. Rock coarse grained - volcanic? No starfish other than large pincushion starfish seen. - black holothurians under boulders intertidally.[Return to hotel and expenses]
Mon 20-VII
[Documenting day activities in Bangkok processing material etc]
Tues 21
[Documenting day activities in Bangkok processing material etc]
Wed 22-VII-81
[Documenting days activity. Including flight to Hong Kong]
Thurs 23
[Flight to Taipeh, took train to Kaohsing, W coast Taiwan]
Fri 24-VII-81
[Activities in Kaohsing][...]Beach was of black sand & stones - appeared to have been built up to protect shore from erosion - water v.v. turbid - shells on beach appeared to be semi-fossil including oysters - some large - ?Crassostrea. A few donacids & perhaps venerids appeared fresh. Walked down to end of beach to rocks - limestone - no animal life at all - turned back by a soldier with rifle (& bayonet fixed) - but no sign of oysters - or anything else. THough the surf wasn't strong it was consistent - & sand abrasion must be quite a factor ( as well as extreme turbidity) in causing absence of oysters. There had been a typhoon (cyclone) through last week - & although it idn't do much damage apparently, it probably is a factor in the water turbidity & strong wave action still prevailing. Walked along beach - collected shells - cuttlebones bivalves & nassarids live & just dead from temporary lagoon just in & behind sand of beach - seas must have been very high to force waves up - probably also contribututed to flooding of drains - though adjacent land is flat & there wouldn't be that much runoff from hil at headland [...]
Sat 25-VII-81
[Travel by bus from Kaohsiung -> Kenting] [At Kenting National Park...] So we walked through park - limestone lighly fossiliferous - collected land snails (5 spp?), limestone caves in park but apparently only small - some very interesting walks through rainforest. Mike took photo of a very large spider [...] [In Kenting township][...]Mike & I walked S to small but deep bay where rough seas were moderated. Tide near low but apparently a neap or kept high by cyclonic conditions. Water very turbid - visibility about 1 foot. Spent about 2 1/2 hours or so collecting - strange splace - only 2 oysters seen (S. cuccullata) & collected - no sign of dead shells - only 3 limpet seen (& collected) - no barnacles at all. No mussels seen except 1 v small lithophagid, but some small Brachodontes or something found later in sample. Only brittle stars seen were those which let 2 or 3 arms hang out from shelter in rock crevises - 2 or 3 spp. Echinometra & Heliocidaris type of urchin. Variety of coral - deep pools - variety of weeds. 2 spp of mitres common ?feeding on peanut worms common boring in rock. Mike collected intertidal littorinids etc for me - no photo of locality - collected 3 spp of muricids & 1 sp of Arcids (Barbatia) in crevises & 2 trochids (Trochus) c hermit crabs. All molluscan spp (except venerid shells) intertidal weed-covered rocks. Land snails collected near beach on L/S.
Sun 26-VII
[Traveled by bus from Kenting -> Taitung] [...]Went off to beach which turned out be be a jibber beach which continued for miles & miles. Apparently this substrate continued out to sea because on the beach thre wasn't a single sign of drift of marine origin - no seaweed, no sea fragments nothing. I found one comparatively unworn shell but later found that this buccinid(?) was widely sold for food, so origin is suspect. In addition, in a long lagoon lying above the beach in front of the low dune on which the closest houses were built, there was no sign of life - no fish, no FW or marine shells, no weeds -as on beach, just human refuse. [Detailing return to accommodation]
Mon 27-VII-81
[Traveled by bus from Taitung to Hualien, E coast of Taiwan] [...]Walked along landward side of harbour - collected few oysters - apprently S. echinata though flat & small & very eroded on steps leading into water - fairly heavily polluted but not too turbid. Then walked around N end of harbour & out on to seaward wall. On the ocean face this wall consisted of large boulders fallin about 20 feet or so to boulder beach. Saw what appeared to be some oysters (or their bases) on a boulder in the water. Thought tide was falling so decided to come back later - very hot. Saw abalone fishermen (amateurs), their catch was all of a species like Haliotis squamata - They must have been diving in 10-20ft of water. Then walked along to fishermens wharves on landward side of harbour wall. A v. large shark with relatively small head & small teeth - very dark - had been caught - about >20' or so long though it was cut off to pectoral fins when we saw it. Also squid, cuttlefish, & octopus (like Monte Bello sp.) caught. Went collecting just to S of fishermen's Wharves on ramps leading into water from repair yards. The only species found was S. cuccullata & then not many near of large size[...][Return to accommodation etc]
Tues 28-VII
[Traveled to Taipei]