class="highlighresult">Research on Introduced Marine Pests....

48. By Glauert: a reference to recommend K.G. Buller who is making a collecting trip on behalf of the Ornithological section of the American Museum of Natural History, 15 May 1947, 1 p.
49. From Stuart Campbell in Melbourne to Glauert, about Antarctic Expedition, had only brief stay at Heard Island as problem with ship Wyatt Earp, unable to do much collecting, however, next year a biologist will go and will be asked to collect birds for Glauert, 31 May 1948, 1 p.
50. To Campbell from Glauert about biologist who will be going to Heard Island, would like a series of Prions as has problems with the varied species relationships, but Sooty Albatross (Phoepetria species) only albatross needed, 3 Jun. 1948, 1 p.
51. To Glauert from Tate who is back from field trip to Cape York, has heard Buller now on Glauert's staff, wants someone to collect mammals in WA. Asks if 1947 offer of Lagostrophus fasciatus and hirsutus dorreae from Dorre Island still stands and offers in exchange some Papuan mammals, 7 Dec. 1948, 1 p.
52. To Tate from Glauert, Buller not available to do any work for Tate, says Perth Museum used to cooperate in collecting trips with Rothschild and suggests similar joint venture with AMNH. 1947 exchange agreement still stands, 30 Dec. 1948, 1 p.
53. To Glauert from A.E. King in Adelaide asking about cost, transport and Perth accommodation for an expedition to Cockatoo Island, Yampi Sound, in December to collect insects, 10 Apr. 1949, 2 p.
54. To A.E. King from Glauert about proposed trip to Cockatoo Island, air travel recommended, 13 Apr. 1949, 1 p.
55. To Glauert from John Abbottsmith, sent 6 cases of Heard Island penguins by train and encloses invoice dated 27 Apr 1949, asks if they have arrived, 9 Jun. 1949, 3 p.
56. From Glauert to Abbottsmith, penguins arrived undamaged, taxidermist making a special Heard Island exhibit for the bird gallery, hopes to get a Sheath Bill before long, says P.G. Law provided information re: conditions attached to gifts and no publication allowed, 14 Jun. 1949, 1 p.
57. To Glauert from Abbottsmith, Sheath Bills sent to Sydney doing well, says Mr. Law has no say over the penguins and eggs collected for Glauert as these a personal gift, not part of the official collection, Law really wanted control and all specimens to go to Melbourne, 21 Jun. 1949, 4 p.
58. To Abbottsmith from Glauert about the display being mounted of Heard Island birds; as Sheath Bills in Sydney doing well it explains why no dead specimens available, 27 Jun. 1949, 1 p.
59. To Dr. Roberts at Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge, from Glauert, refers to conversation with Col. W.O. Mainbridge, the finder of the Crozet albatross: when Mainridge visited Pitcairn Island in 1919 a certain Christian told him of a Mollymawk found with a message tied to its leg to say some shipwrecked sailors on Easter Island. The Pitcairn Islanders sent a cutter and rescued them. Mainbridge did not know what date this happened, 14 Oct. 1949, 1 p.
60. To Glauert from Abbottsmith, getting his diary typed up and will send a copy of anything of interest, going to Kosciusko next, let him know if interested in any type of bird there, 20 Nov. 1949, 2 p.
61. To Abbottsmith from Glauert, looks forward to reading diary and abstracting items of interest to Museum; would like any specimens from Kosciusko as have nothing from that area, 7 Dec. 1949, 1 p.
62. To T.G. Heath, Secretary of Antarctic Expedition from Glauert, asking for some specimens from Heard Island for the Birds of Heard Island exhibit as doesn't have all in Dr. Falla's list, 10 Jan. 1950, 1 p. + list of wanted birds
63. Telegram to Glauert [from Heath?]: contact expedition biologist Kenny about bird specimens, 27 Jan. 1950, 1 p.
64. To Manager R.P. North Co. Pty. Ltd. from Battye, about transporting refrigerated drums of bird specimens from Albany to Perth, will be dropped off by HMAS Labuan of Antarctic Expedition, 7 Mar. 1950, 1 p.
65. To Glauert from Jack Atkinson of the West Australian, about report on the Heard Island collection written up in the Gould League's magazine, points out fine collection of penguins came from Abbottsmith not the Antarctic Division, says he persuaded Abbottsmith to make the gift when travelling back with him from Heard Island, 19 Sep. 1950, 1 p.
66. To Glauert from P.G. Law, wants to photograph full series of eggs from Heard Island and asks to borrow those of King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonia) and the tern (Sterna vittata) donated by Abbottsmith. 1949 egg collection from Heard island is being sorted and if list of species needed to complete the collection is sent he will endeavour to supply them, 25 Sep. 1950, 1 p.
67. To Glauert from D.L. Serventy: proposed expedition to St Paul Island has been cancelled because ship Labuan not up to distance involved, 27 Sep. 1950, 1 p.
68. From Glauert to P.G. Law, posting eggs requested, also lists birds represented in egg collection so gaps can be filled, 28 Sep. 1950, 1 p.
69. To Glauert from P.G. Law, eggs borrowed now returned, enclosing list of Heard Island eggs to complete your series, once specimens recorded please send museum numbers to correspond to our catalogue numbers, 5 Oct. 1950, 2 p.
70. To P.G. Law from Glauert thanking him for return of eggs, others sent are valuable additions to our collection, 1st Nov. 1950, 1 p....

"I took over the charge of your mine, from the late manager, on Saturday
last, but you will observe, from the pay sheet appended, I have employed
three or four men during the last three weeks; this I thought necessary to
facilitate the work of getting the battery ready for a successful start.
The engine and the Tangye pump have been thoroughly over-hauled by the
engineer lately employed at Fraser's South.  The boiler men, who arrived
here on Friday, commencing work on Saturday, have taken out the damaged
plates in boiler, and will replace them with new; this work with a few
other alterations, they inform me, will take a fortnight to complete.  I
have had the amalgamating and blanket tables re-arranged and shall paddock
the tailings by gravitation, allowing the water to run back to the well
pump.  This method will save the great expense of removing the tailings
from the pits, as has been done previously.  I intend making use of one of
the pits, before mentioned, for submerging the pipes in the water, to
produce a perfect condensation of steam from the engine.  I am also having
a small dam (before partly constructed) prepared to receive all the water
drawn out of both Fraser's and the South shafts, and have laid down the
two-inch pipes (lately arrived on the mine) to convey it direct to the
battery boxes; this will relieve the Tangye pump of considerable work, and
I hope thus to obtain a sufficient supply for crushing.  There has been
previously on the south shaft a horsewhip (single).  I intend converting
this into a double one, and shall use the steel wire rope (lately sent)
for this purpose; this will enable us to raise double the quantity of
water at the same cost as formerly.  Later on I have a plan of cheaply
fixing a self-emptying arrangement for the water buckets, which will save
10s. per day in a brace man.  I have also to report about 25,000 gallons
of water in the large dam.  There are indications of more rain.  I have
made the necessary arrangements and drains to receive water from a much
larger area of country than formerly; this is very important.  I spent
most of yesterday inspecting the underground workings in Fraser's shaft,
and will submit my plans of future working in due time for your approval.
The tram line from Fraser's shaft to battery being uncomplete, and I shall
be glad, when the necessary rails are sent on, to finish this work.  I
hope, gentlemen, supported by you, to be enabled to bring to a successful
issue the operations, which I will do my best to attain.


MR JOHN CALVERT'S EXPEDITION TO WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

The name of Mr John Calvert, the reported discoverer of a treasure valued
at many million pounds, and lying in this colony, having been prominently
brought before the notice of Western Australia, a few particulars
concerning this gentleman, who appears to the well known in mining circles
at home, will, perhaps, be read with interest.  He is recognised as one of
the oldest practical miners and geological experts still in harness.  He
is a Cornishman by birth, and has passed his 78th year.  As an engineer,
inventor, chemist, prospector and traveller, he has, we are told, proved
himself a man of many parts and ceaseless activity, and is regarded as an
authority on those subjects, mainly connected with mining and metallurgy,
which have been his life-study.

The story of his life reads almost like a romance.  We find him, at the
age of four years, clearly listening to the stories of naval life which
his father, an officer in the Royal Navy, poured into his ears.  While
still a mere lad, he adds to his ordinary studies, the study of minerals,
and acquired some skills and knowledge as a mineralogist that at the age
of seventeen he was invited by Henry Henland, a well-known mineralogist,
to accompany him in numerous mining tours through Europe.  He collected
specimens, wrote an account of his observations, and during one of the
tours perfected his manganese process for the extraction of gold from its
ores.  Later on, he invented several scientific instruments, undertook
deep researches into abstruse scientific subjects, embodying his
observations in a work called “The Solvent of Matter and Motion.”  He also
published papers on “Water and Chemical Action,” “the Origin of the
Earth's Own Heat,” and “Heat, the Index of Work Done.”

These pursuits did not, however, interfere with his profession.  He
prospected for gold in various parts of North and South Wales, with
success, and in 1834 visited the silver country of Peru, where he became
engaged in mining.  While there engaged, he commenced his chlorination and
bromine methods of treatment, and used them with single success.  Two
years later he returned to England, and published his work, “The Universal
Distribution of Gold.”  Then he visited Australia and New Zealand, and we
find him discovering gold in one place, tin in another, copper somewhere
else, and also diamonds.  Next he started on a scientific expedition with
his yacht, the Scout, thoroughly fitted up for its purpose.  He cruised
round part of the case of Tasmania in search of gold-bearing strata, but
likely looking localities were found difficult of access.  Some remarkably
fine specimens of gold, alternating with layers of oligist iron were,
however, found, some of which gave, he says, as much as one-third of gold
to the accompanying weight of iron.

He next visited, in his vessel, one of reports of this colony, whence, we
are told "he made inland excursions, in the course of which he discovered
the crater of an extinct volcano containing diamonds.  In another, he
happened to come upon the richest outcrop of gold-bearing quartz he ever
met with, its constitution being, he says, one-half gold and one-half
quartz, snugly encompassed within a few yards.  Owing to the distance of
its location from the moorings of the Scout, he was only able to take a
small quantity away, not daring to divulge its remarkable value to his
crew, but with the full intention of revisiting the spot better equipped
for loading the bulk of the ore."

Mr Calvert then went to New Guinea, the Indian Archipelago, and thence to
the islands of the Pacific.  In 1849, he returned to England, and lectured
on the Genesis of gold, and interested himself in various colonizing
movements.  He then returned to New South Wales, and amassed as much as a
ton of pure gold which he sold in England for £96,000.  This was in 1853.
By this time he had attained to such a position in his profession that his
advice on mining and geological matters was greatly sought.  He opened his
"extensive museum of mineral specimens, precious stones, scientific
instruments, ancient MSS., and curios, to the public," which excited
considerable interest.  He visited the gold-bearing districts in Scotland
and Ireland, read a series of papers before the British Association upon
“The production of gold in the British Isles,” and other subjects, engaged
in a controversy with Sir Roderick Murchison, and afterwards published a
valuable work, entitled “The Gold Rocks of Great Britain and Ireland.”  He
became a recognised authority on the subject of gold-mining, and his
services were much sought-after.  His engagements were numerous, and
amongst them was included inspection of mines in Mexico, Californian,
various parts of African of Spain, Portugal, Germany, and other European
countries, as well as in Cornwall, Wales, and Scotland.  These engagements
extended over a large number of years, and during this time his inventive
faculties were busily occupied improving machinery, designing various
appliances, and inventing an electrical process for treating gold bearing
ores.

His whole life appears to have been that of a busy man, and at an age
which only wanted a couple of years to make him an octogenarian, he was
contemplating a journey to South America, to look after his interests
there.  Since then, he has again turned his attention to this colony, the
results being the formation of the syndicate concerning which several
notices have appeared in these columns.  Mr Calvert is described as a hale
and hearty man, full of unimpaired vitality, and the portrait which we
have seen goes very far to bear out the statement.  It is that of a fine
looking man, apparently stoutly built, with plenty of pluck and
determination written on his intelligent countenance.  As to the
marvellous tale he has been repeating to willing ears in England, we shall
probably soon hear if there be anything in it.  And it will not do to
expect too much from this marvel.

THE ASHBURTON GOLD DISCOVERY

RETURN OF MR HARE TO ROEBOURNE.

HIS ADVICE TO MINERS.

[BY TELEGRAPH.]

(FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT.)
ROEBOURNE, June 14.
The Government Resident, Mr Hare, arrived last evening.  About 40 diggers
assembled at the Court House this morning when Mr Hare addressed them.  He
said that he went to the field via Robe River.  He calculates the distance
at 350 miles.  He returned via the Hamersley Ranges.  He estimates the
distance this way about 240 miles.  It took him nine days.  At the lowest
estimate there are 300 men on the field.  About 2000 ounces of gold have
been obtained since the discovery, but the creek is about worked out.  One
50oz nugget had been found.  Provisions were scarce, but he met teams
going.  He advises all to remain quiet until further discoveries, as the
present ground is all taken out.  He reports favourably on the road via
the Tableland, but water is scarce and the road is rough in places.  He
heard that men got colour on the road between Onslow and the fields.

THE CENTRAL CRUSHING.

The directors of the Central Gold Mining Co. have received the following
report, dated 12 inst., from Mr B. H. Woodward, F.G.S.: Gentlemen, — I
have the honor [sic] to report that I have assayed the four bags of
samples received from Mr Clifton yesterday (11th inst.)
                                               oz.         dwt.
gr.
Tailings … … 1 7 18 per ton
Blanketings … 5 14 8 per ton
Skimmings (5cwt)               18 19 3 per ton
That is to say the 5 cwt. contain altogether 4 oz. 12 dwt. 6 gr.

Skimmings (1/2 cwt.) after the pieces of iron have been picked out,
contain at the rate of 58 oz. 12 dwt. 13 gr. to the cwt., or, taking the
whole bulk, there is nearly 1/2 oz to the lb, without making allowance for
the chips of iron.  With ordinary fluxes it will be troublesome to reduce
and difficult to obtain the full quantity unless a very large quantity of
flux is used, but if you like I shall be happy to undertake the half cwt.
and reduce it on the plan I discovered, and of which I made use
successfully in reducing similar material from another Yilgarn mine....

its jurisdiction, decided to construct a pathway in the Mammoth Cave in
the Margaret River district. During the execution of this task a large
mass or boss of stalagmitic material was encountered, which gave no little
trouble on amount of its compact nature and the great resistance it
offered to the tools of the workmen. The material was partly used to
construct a footway and partly thrown aside to be disposed of in the most
convenient manner, little notice having been taken of the many fragments
of bone that bristled from every piece of rock.

Mr. Le Souef, of the Zoological Gardens, having heard of the find,
proceeded to the spot and managed to secure numerous specimens, which he
had conveyed to Perth. He examined the fossil remains, and after assuring
himself of their scientific value handed them over to the Caves Board
officials, who in turn forwarded these cases of fossilised bones, etc., to
the Western Australian Museum. Some time afterwards Mr Le Souef sent to
the offices of the Board several other specimens which he had retained,
having identified them as portions of the lower jaw of an extinct
marsupial-sthenurus, thus making an interesting discovery which
unfortunately did not receive the publicity it deserved.

In December last the Board handed these few fragments to Mr. L. Glauert,
F.G.S., the palaeontologist to the Geological Survey of Western Australia,
who took the matter in hand. After the specimens had been freed from the
coating of stalagmite, etc., he examined them carefully, his
investigations and researches leading him to the conclusion that he was
not only dealing with the lower jaw of a long extinct cousin of the
kangaroos, which had not previously been recorded in this State, but
proving to him without a doubt that the form represented was one very
different from the various species previously known in the other States of
the Commonwealth. In order to mark its place of origin he, in his report
to the Board, suggested that it should bear the name of Sthenurus
occidentalis (the western sthenurus), and gave his grounds for considering
this a new form of the family.

To those who have heard and read of the extinct monsters of the other
continents—the mammoth and mastodon of Europe, the gigantic bird-reptiles
and dinosaurs of North America, the great sloths and armadillos of South
America, the sivatherium of Asia, and the huge moas of New Zealand, it
will not come as a surprise to learn that Australia, too, has its “dragons
of the prime.”

For nearly a century the huge diprotodon—a kangaroo with a head as large
as an elephant’s—was known to have existed in this southern continent ages
ago, for traces of it have been found in all the States, including Western
Australia.

The late Mr. E. T. Hardman, F.G.S., who did much excellent pioneering work
in the Kimberleys, came across bones of this extinct monster in the
Lennard River. Prospectors recovered a portion of a lower jaw (now in the
Western Australian Museum) near Lake Darlot, while the bones were so
common round about Balladonia that they were used as garden ornaments or
thrown away as utterly useless and uninteresting by the settlers in that
southern district. Slightly smaller in size was the nototherium, which
also had a general distribution throughout the continent.

Sthenurus cannot attempt to compare with either of these genera, but still
it was a tremendous animal when placed alongside even the great grey
kangaroo of to-day, which we all know, rivals a man in stature. [?] the
“old man” sthenurus was provided with long hind legs and a strong tail,
receiving his name “strong-tail” for that reason, but on the other hand
the bones which have been identified as being his show that, comparatively
speaking, his forelegs were longer than those of the national animal of
Australia. Like the kangaroo the sthenurus was a vegetable feeder, for his
teeth prove that he was not built to enjoy animal food. Even a casual
glance at his jaw would convince the merest tyro that the animal was used
to hard fare. The teeth are all of much greater size than those found in
the “great grey,” and bear traces of much rough usage and hard chewing, as
would be the case if the animal had to subsist upon nuts or the tougher
branches of trees and shrubs. The kangaroo, which feeds upon softer
herbage, has a slender jaw, and teeth which, through being continually
forced forward from behind, drop out, so that an old individual often has
only two cheek teeth on either side of his lower jaw in place of the
original five. With the sthenurus it was quite different. The large amount
of work which his teeth had to accomplish made it imperative that they
should all remain in his jaw to the very last, and so we find very few
examples of sthenurus jaws with fewer than the normal number of teeth,
excepting, of course, those cases where the teeth were broken or decayed.

The kangaroos, owing to the fact that the two halves of their lower jaw
are not fused together, are able to move the incisors with a kind of
scissor-like action, so that they can “eat very close.” Such a quality not
being necessary with sthenurus we nearly always find [that] [two] halves
united in the adult animal [and] often, too, in a younger example.

Very little else is known of this extinct marsupial, but it is considered
possible, and perhaps probable, that might be shed upon the subject if a
careful search were made in the Mammoth Cave, where all the factors are so
promising and all point to the chance of a rich store being unearthed if
the right locality be struck. That caves similar to the Mammoth Cave are
the store-rooms of fossil bones has been proved time after time, even in
this continent, as it is from such places that nearly all the recorded
specimens of sthenurus have been obtained.

In the early thirties of last century Sir Thos. Mitchell, in the course of
his travels, struck the first sthenurus bones in the Wellington Valley
Caves of N.S.W., whilst the Rev. J. E. Woods described the discovery of
similar bones in the Mount Bun Caves of South Australia some 30 years
later. Should a careful examination be undertaken in the Mammoth Cave it
is believed that the results will add fresh interest to those romantic
beauty spots which rival any in the southern continent, and which receive
all too little attention from tourists and the public at large....

3. To Woodward from Gregory M. Mathews, Langley Manor, Watford, 1 March, 1911, thanks for Post Office Directory, let Rogers get you small mammals, Rothschild asked for Emus so Rogers can send them to me, he is on Melville Island for 6 months more, name and send Parrots, 2 p.
4. From Woodward to H. L. White, Belltrees, Scone, 21 March, 1911, arranging expedition to Monte Bello Islands, thanks for Priodura newtoniana, we have 416 specimens of W.A. birds. 1 p.
5. To Director from H. L. White, Belltrees, Scone, 1911, 19 April, 1911, sending a skin of Priodura newtoniana taken by George Shark at Evelyn Scrub, Sherberton Range, North Queensland, November 1908, commoner Australian eggs duplicates to send 1 p.
6. From Woodward to Director, National Museum, Dublin, 25 April, 1911, thanks for descriptive label for the Monasterboice cross, sending specimens of marsupials, 1 p.
7. From Woodward to M. H. Bardwell, Geraldton, 25 April,1911, can you inform me of name of blue opercula shells in fashion now, would like exchange if possible, 1 p.
8. From Woodward to Geoffrey M. Mathews, Langley Mount, Watford, 3 May, 1911, Rhea sent has been set up by Lipfert, magnificent specimen, sending P. carbo in October in nuptial plumage, 1 p.
9. From Woodward to H. L. White, Belltrees, Scone, 6 May, 1911, Watson will be staying on Monte Bello Island Is. getting large collection of vertebrate fauna and marine things, 1 p.
10. To Woodward from H.L. White, Belltrees, Scone, 30 May, 1911, S. W. Jackson who collects eggs for me is in hospital but when he returns I will send Atrichia clamosa, 1 p.
11. From Woodward to H. L. White, Belltrees, Scone, 9 June, 1911, regret unable to get Atrichia clamosa yet, borrowed a skin from Sydney, watercolour drawings made, let you know. 1 p.
12. From Woodward to Gregory M. Mathews, Langley Mount, Watford, 10 June, 1911, new edition of Guidebook needs revised names, need skin of a Screamer, a Turkey-Vulture, a Broadbill, a Secretary bird and Atrichiornis to achieve representatives in the Gallery of every order. 2 p.
13. To Woodward from H. A. Devereux Capell, Esperance Bay, 23 June, 1911, borrowing a specimen of Monazite to search for in Esperance, 1 p.
14. From Woodward to H. A. Devereux Cappell, Esperance Bay, 30 June, 1911, sending a small sample of Monazite. 1 p.
15. From Woodward to K. H. Bardwell, Marine Terrace, Geraldton, 3 July, 1911, thanking for name of shell Australium stellare, please arrange for me to buy several specimens with operculum. 1 p.
16. To Woodward from K. H. Devereux Capell, Esperance Bay, 14 July, 1911, thanks for Monazyte, found no trace of it, will send anything of interest to the Museum or return the Monozyte, 1 p.
17. To Woodward from Gregory M. Mathews, Langley Mount, Watford, 6, 13, 15, 26 July, 1911, send a list of birds mentioned in book not held in museum, attempting a skin of Atrichiornis. 8 p.
18. From Woodward to Gregory M. Mathews, Langley Mount, Watford, 26 July, 1911, answers to your questions in this month's "Emu", 1 p.
19. To Woodward from H. L. White, Belltrees, Scone, 30 July, 1911, research on Australian eggs resumed by S.W. Jackson, A. J. Campell & D. LeSouef wrong description of Atrichia clamosa, 1 p.
20. To Curator from A. J. Williamson, Bank of Victoria, Dunolly, 3 August, 1811, sending list of sea shells collected and identified in W.A., 2 p.
21. From Woodward to H. L. White, Belltrees, Scone, 8 August, 1911, looking into W.A. new evidence of Atrichia clamosa, Gerald Hill knows Conigrave's expedition, 1 p.
22. To Woodward from Charles G. Gibson, Roeborne, 19 August, 1911, collecting birds' skins in Roeborne for you, seeking clutches of eggs of Porphyrio bellus, have White-headed Sea Eagle, several painted finches, Malurus assimilis, seeking Barnardius occidentalis, & Dacelo cervinea. 2 p.
23. To Director from R. Etheridge, Australian Museum, Sydney, 21 August, 1911, asking for loan of m. & f. of Micranuous tenuirostris from the Houtman Abrolhos and Sternia media, 1 p.
24. To Director from H. L. White, Belltrees, Scone, 8 August, 1911, sending donation of Australian birds' eggs, 428 clutches, 1074 eggs, packed in 14 boxes in large case, via Pastoral Finance Assoc., would like eggs of Melithreptus laetivo, Falcunculus leucogasteo, Eremiorsis carteri. 1 p.
25. From Woodward to Gregory M. Mathews, Langley Mount, Watford, 11 August, 1911, thanking for revision of lists, information about Arenaria, hoping to get Atrichiornis for him. 1 p.
26. From Woodward to Gregory M. Mathews, Langley Mount, Watford, 23 August, 1911, Swedish Party, Dr. Mjoberg, after 12 months, leaving, told Mr. Rogers about a new cockatoo. 1 p.
27. From Woodward to Dr. Mjoberg, The Museum, Stockholm, Sweden, 29 August, 1911, sending box of skins on list, will send any requested items, welcome specimens of peasants' work. 1 p.
28. To Woodward from R. Hamlyn-Harris, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, 28 September, 1911, asking for a Moloch horridus, offering an exchange. 1 p.
29. From Woodward to Dr. R. Hamlyn-Harris, Queensland Museum, 12 October, 1911, sending 2 Molochs Horridus, would like specimens of fossil marsupials as De Vis sent few years ago. 1 p.
30. From Woodward to Dr. Michaelsen, Natural History Museum, Hamburg, 14 October, 1911, sent 100 copies of Second Report on the Fauna of South-West Australia. 2 p.
31. From Woodward to T. Southwell, Sir Stanley Bois, Colombo, Ceylon, 19 October, 1911, congratulating him on his appointment as Deputy Director of Fisheries, Colombo, Ceylon. 1 p.
32. From Woodward to Samuel Henshaw, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., USA, sending skins and skeletons of marsupials, send list of W.A., Peripites specimens. 1 p.
33. To Woodward from Dr. R. Hamlyn-Harris, Queensland Museum, 28 October, 1911, thanks for  Molochs horridus, send list of fossil marsupials sent by late curator and any others required. 1 p.
34. To Woodward from S. C. Stirling, Museum of South Australia, 13 November, 1911, thanks for information on Rottnest wallabies, sending Kangaroo Island kangaroo skin when ready. 1 p.
35. From Woodward to Gregory M. Mathews, Watford, 16 November, 1911, sending Railway timetable, a set of Maps coming from Lands Dept., locate Kunawang. 1 p.
36.From Woodward to A. J. Williamson, Bank of Victoria, Dunolly, 19 December, 1911, recently appointed Biological Assistant will arrange the shells in new year. 1 p.
37. To Woodward from S. C. Stirling, Adelaide Museum, 6 December, 1911, sending by Parcels' Post a skin of Kangaroo Island Kangaroo, Macropus giganteus fuliginosus for mounting. 1 p.
38. To Woodward from Gregory M. Mathews, Watford, 1, 12 December, 1911, wants Amytornis housei, hopes for a pair of Pezoporus terrestris, loan of Barnardius zonarius. 4 p.
39. To Woodward from H. L. White, Belltrees, Scone, 30 December, 1911, asking for return of sets of eggs and sending a clutch of Porphyrio eggs, number of species 794, hoping for 800. 1 p.
40. From Woodward to S. C. Stirling, Adelaide Museum, 15 January, 1912, asking for duplicate fossils from Northern Territory. 1 p.
41. To Woodward from S. C. Stirling, Adelaide Museum, 5 February, 1912, museum has no fossils, Mr. Howchin of the University, on leave, has worked on the Cambrian fossils. 2 p.
42. From Woodward to Walter Rothschild, Tring Park, Herts., re collection of emus, some from Kimberley and North-West of W.A., also from N.S.W., trying to get cassowaries. 1 p.
43. To Woodward from H. H. Scott, Victoria Museum, Launceston, 11 March, 1912, sending duplicate fossil bones of D. minor from King Island by hand of a visitor, card details in box. 1 p.
44. To Woodward from S. C. Stirling, Adelaide Museum,22 February, 1912, enclosed list of wanted Phalangeridae suitable for mounting in a case. 2 p.
45. From Woodward to S.C. Stirling, Adelaide Museum, 23 February, 1912, will write to Mr. Howchin about Cambrian fossils, hoping to get some W.A. skulls soon. 1 p.
46. From Woodward to A. J. Williamson, Bank of Victoria, Dunolly, 27 February, 1912, a biological assistant from Cambridge U. arrives next week and will rearrange collection of eggs. 1 p.
47. To Woodward from A. J. Williamson, Bank of Victoria, Dunolly, 21 May, 1912, please send specimens Teredo, Patella neglecta, Cypraea Renskii, Tridaena squamosa, Voluta Thatcheri. 2 p. 
48. From Woodward to H. H. Scott, Victoria Museum, Launceston, 30 March, 1912, thanking for interesting set of fossil bones from King I. that Mr. Hindell kindly brought. 1 p.
49. To Woodward from H. L. White, Belltrees, Scone, 23 April, 1912, seeking W.A. species you may have duplicates. 1 p.
50. From Woodward to Arthur M. Lea, Adelaide Museum, 27 April, 1912, W. P. Alexander, recently appointed to the Invertebrates, a keen entomologist will be able to exchange duplicates. 2 p.
51. From Woodward to A. J. Turner, Brisbane, 27 April, 1912, Trustees have appointed an Assistant, W. B. Alexander, a keen entomologist, may rearrange the Lepidoptera. 1 p.
52. From Woodward to F. D. Mouldy, Christchurch, N.Z., 30 April, 1912, received specimens. 1 p.
53. From Woodward to H. L. White, Belltrees, Scone, 2 May, 1912, send list of desiderata and return exchanges of bird skins, letter about Monte Bello. 1 p.
54. To Woodward from H. L. White, Belltrees, Scone, 29 May, 1912, list of eggs for exchange. 1 p.
55. To W. B. Alexander from K. Jordan, Zoological Museum, Tring, Herts., England, 12 November, 1912, requesting Lepidoptera: Cossidae, Hepialidae, Zygaenidae, Castniidae, also Anthribidae but no other beetles. 1 p.
56. From Woodward to Oldfield Thomas, British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, 4 October, 1912, Sending via Mr Montague, a skin of Lagerchestes collected by Mr. Tunney on Barrow Island, November, 1900, No. 3313. 1 p.
57. To Director from James Hay Young, Meredith, Victoria, 25 November, 1912, sending list of local graptolites and land and freshwater shells from his area requesting exchanges of W. A. land shells for local graptolites. 1 p.
58. To Woodward from Robert H. Pulleine, E. Brown, 3 North Terrace, Adelaide, 23 December, 1912, bought house to accommodate collection, contacted University Librarian about exchanges of Mallee specimens. 2 p.                        
59. To W. B. Alexander from H. A. Longman, Queensland Museum, 30 December, 1912, received exchange specimens, no. 6040 (Wasp, Subiaco, Dietis formosa) only named specimen. 1 p.
60. To Woodward from Austin H. Clark, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 3 January, 1913, Gerrit S. Miller, curator of mammals, wants to exchange for Australian mammals, especially rodents, awaiting crinoids greatest interest. 1 p.
61. From Woodward to K. Jordan. Zoological Mseum, Tring, 8 February, 1913, few specimens of Zygaenidae and Castniidae in Western Australia and difficult to get good specimens of Cossidae and Hepialidae for some time. 1 p.
62. From Woodward to M. Wladimir Fridoline, Rue Condorcet, Grenoble, Isere, France, 8 January, 1913, thanking for offer of butterflies collection but regret no means of carrying it out. 1 p.
63. To Woodward, from James A. Kershaw, National Museum of Victoria, 3 February, 1913, supposed new species of N.T. kangaroo is the Black Kangaroo, Macropus bernardus, need one on exchange. 1 p.
64. To Woodward from S. Sinclair, Sydney Museum, 15 January, 1913, transactions on rates of exchange for museums. 1 p.
65. From Woodward to James Hay Young, Meredith, Victoria, 4 February, 1913, thanks for your collection of shells, one example is formed by the larva grains of a species of Helicopsyche which would be welcome if you could trap the insect which made them and send to us. 1 p.
66. From Woodward to Sydney Museum offering to send duplicate copies of some Redords of the Australian Museum. 1 p.
67. From Woodward to J. A. Kershaw, Melbourne Museum, 12 February, 1913, Tunney found only one female M. bernardus, is your adult a female ? If so, it is very much lighter in colour, if you get any more from the Alligator River I would like a female. I can send a good skin of M. woodwardi, we need a M. robustus and the insular form of Lagorchestes . 1. p.
68. To Director from James Hay Young, Meredith, Victoria, 15 February, 1913, sending 17 species of land and freshwater shells of the district, one is built up of grains of sand, sending some with Eocene fossils after an excursion to Muddy Creek at Hamilton, would like list of W.A. land shells. 1 p.
69. To Director from James Hay Young, Meredith, Vic., 18 February, 1913, sending package of Ordovician Graptolites, some not yet described by the Victorian Museum as from a v. low horizon of Ordovician formation. 1 p.
70. To Woodward from Gregory M. Mathews, Langley Mount, Watford, 13 March, 1913, The ducks and owl have arrived, thanks for the ducks, sent the double part of the Austral Avian Record parts 6/7, the mildest winter for 27 years. 1. p.
71. To Director from James Hay Young, Meredith, Vic., 22 March, 1913, returned from Muddy Creek fossil beds with a fine lot of fossils to send, would like any land shells 1. p.
72. To Woodward from Gregory M. Mathews, Langley Mount, Watford, 3 April, 1913, thanks for loan of birds returning today, please get me a pair of each of the 3 ducks and the owl and cost. 1. p.
73. From Woodward to Director Harms, Deutsch-Australische Damptschiff-Gesellschaft, Troebrucke, Hamburg, Germany, 7 April, 1913, thanks for sending specimens from Dr. Michaelsen free of charge. 1 p.
74. From Woodward to Mrs. M. N. Walsh, Saekaboemi, Java, 14 April, 1913, box of insects arrived in perfect condition, as Lepidoptera sent to you by us which arrived damaged had been set, we could send another set or a set of Coleoptera. 1 p.
75. From Woodward to Dr. W. Michaelsen, Natural History Museum, Hamburg, Germany, 14 April, 1913, specimens unpacked, in good condition, very interesting collection, getting report printed, not yet any earth worms to send. 1 p.
76. From Woodward to James Hay Young, Meredith, Victoria, 16 April, 1913, glad to receive any duplicate fossils collected, all our present land shells were sent to Hedley of Sydney for descriptions, will be returned when described. 1 p.
77. To Woodward from A. J. Williamson, Bank of Victoria, Dunolly, Victoria,28 April, 1913, about time you sent those specimens 8 months ago. 1 p.
78. From Woodward to G. Arnold, Rhodesia Museum, Bulawayo, S. Africa, 28 April, 1913, your request for Australian ants to Mr. Alexander who has not yet classified all the species in this state but will keep you in mind when he has done them. 1 p.
79. From Woodward to A. E. Macgreror, Rhodesia Museum, Bulawayo, S. Africa, 28 April, 1913, unable to send or receive minerals, next year ? 1 p.
80. From Woodward to W. J. Rainbow, Australian Museum, Sydney, 1 May, 1913, sending specimen of Trapdoor spider from Minnivale, W.A., please send me the name and any other named species of spider for species that are brought in. 1 p.
81. From Woodward to A. J. Williamson, Bank of Victoria, Dunolly, 8 May, 1913, regret unable to send specimens due to funds and lack  of a collector, so will return your specimens. 1 p.
82. From Woodward to Gregory M. Mathews, Langley Mount, Watford, 9 May, 1913, birds' skins have come except for Camarca from Augusta, will get specimens as soon as possible. Your opinion of Australian Check-list for names of specimens on view. 1 p.
83. To Woodward from R. Etherington, Australian Museum, Sydney, 16 May, 1913, received donation of Trapdoor Spider ?Ontdiobe, may be new species 2 p.
84. To Woodward from A. M. MacGregor, Rhodesia Museum, Bulawayo, 5 June, 1913, please put aside any specimens regardless of price. 1 p.
85. From Woodward to the Curator, Australia Museum, Sydney, 9 June, 1931, requesting that the large spider Gaius villosus was sent to Mr Rainbow by Mr. Alexander to the credit of this institution without waiting for my signature, hoping to send you a nest of the spider. 1 p.
86. To the Director from R. Etherington, Australian Museum, Sydney, 10 June, 1913, sending a consignment of specimens, listed, identified wherever possible. 2 p.
87. To the Director from R. Etherington, Australian Museum, Sydney, 12 June, 1913, sending 3 cases of specimens referred to, freight paid, by Rudder's Express. 1 p.
88. To the Director from the Australian Museum, Sydney, 24 June, 1913, Lists of South Australian specimens forwarded to W. A. Museum.  3 p.
89. To the Director from R. Etherington, Australian Museum, Sydney, 25 June, 1913, credited spider Gaius villosus as exchange a/c also separately small parcel containing 2 specimens. 1 p.
90. To Woodward from Richard Rathbun, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 24 July, 1913, asking for skeleton in bark wrapper from a cave offered 15 October, 1910, 2 p.
91. From Woodward to Dr. W.T.Calman, British Museum (Nat. Hist,), London 21 August, 1913, sending Crustacea as per list enclosed. glad to receive in exchange any duplicate specimens in list. 1 p.
92. From Woodward to British Museum (Nat. Hist.), 25 August, 1913, Crustacea sent to British Museum: Chaeraps tenuimanus Marron, Chaeraps quinquecarinatus Gilgie, Chaerus preissii Coonac. Wanted by W.A. Museum: English lobster, Crab, Crawfish, Crayfish - Pinnotheres mollusc, Phronima, Hermit Crab, Spongicola. 1 p.
93. To Woodward from British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, London, 2 December, 1913, sent to W.A. Museum: Astacus, Leucifer reynaudii, Eupagurus prideauxii, Corystes cassivelaunus, Gecarcinus lagostoma, Euphasia superba, Orchomenopsis Rossii, Tryphosa murrayi, Eusirus propinquus - nearly 100 specimens of Orchomenopsis rossi instead of 10. 1 p.

+



















































































 ...

Warbo Rd., Back west for 1 mile to look for Alan Sch... lost mailie. Back at Minnie Creek turnoff, heading East. Signpost. Lost due to loss of hat.

Road comes round the corner of Lake Throssell, Bluff on the east side, about 8-10 ft till seems to be some sort of diatomaceous earth, no stratigraphy, no fossils.

no 13 signpost. Sandhills, lunch. Signpost. Many birds on left ? rockhole, Signpost. "freshwater limestone" outcropping in road. Flowers on roadside. Hunt Oil turnoff. Airstrip.

Sched very poor reception. Charlie calling us but in the end gave up "see you in the navy, see you in the morning..." Alex collected 2 Chalinolobus.

Breakaways - laterite : c. 10-15 ft in height., Rockhole away v. low (c.2-5 ft) breakaway on north of road - is this Gahnda ?  on wrong side of road. Drove in to see if there is another rockhole in the south - certainly not as far as can be seen from the road - as outcrops. Back at Rockhole for camp. Athol and Alex set nets over the rockhole - a deep permanent hole. Poor shelter in vicinity but Athol examined it and says no deposits - scoured out. Blackened roof.

Sked taken next day:
(1) 31st Outpost Flying Doctor Kalgoorlie. All well, Margaret.
(2) Bill Clewley arrived back in Kalgoorlie all well.
Reply: RIDE PHONE PERTH 862242 ALL WELL MOBILE AFTER RAIN INFORM TERRELL TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS 8WHISKY NOVEMBER XRAY OUTPOST KALGOORLIE OTHERWISE DELAY MUCH LOVE DEE.

Athol caught a Chalinolobus gouldii female in net over water. [WR120] C. gouldii F. netted over water, night 1/2 Feb. A.M. Douglas, forearm 42.9 mm., fixed in formalin. Many budgerigars.

> 2nd Feb. 1967 (Thursday)
Sunrise earlier over here.  0700 Sched.

Left camp about 10.00 to try to get at the breakaway in the Rowe Hills south of Gahnda Rockhole. Creek crossing on main road, turned in across spinifex[?] bearing 128*, sighted drum on right c.100* al moistyated [?] find a seismic line on the same bearing and moved across into it, continued on it 2 m. to track junction turned to 47.30* for 2 m., then onto track bearing 126* which later tended northwards to 140* at 97.5 investigated[?] a low breakaway on northern side, signs of shales & sandstones at bottom, but extensively lateritized and the whole section aslituated[?] by it (about 10-12 ft.) dug a burrow under mulga roots - ? Dasyceras [?] but noone at home. Very poor animal country, rarely any scats in the breakaways - one that looks like a possum[?] scat.

Continued on bearing of 146* for 2.2 miles to due south bearing 165* across creek to crest where large breakaways in the vicinity of Sharpes Bluff visible to East. Turned a bearing of 94* for 2.2 miles to where we took 4 colour photos from west looking out on a bearing of 80 to Lake Baker. V. impressive 3 isolated mesas[?] on the left, a low one in the centre and a line of big breakaways on the right. Picked way down into the bottom where we stopped in Walga[?] at the foot of the Right Hand breakaway. Explored the breakaway & collected specimens. At the lower levels it seems to consist of shales & sandstones with sandstones but sandstones become increasingly common towards the top where the whole is capped by a hard silicious demicrust[?] about 12-15 ft thick.

About 8 ft below the demicrust bottom collected a wood cast (two pieces) and a  ? caprolite, also a number of other things not determinable without sectioning, also collected typical specimens of various kinds of sediments.[colour]. On way back tried a new route to see if we could find an ... way to give Alex practice in driving and navigation. Drove west and reached our 02.1 position with a speedo reading of .... then back along same track for 2 m. and then onto track bearing 45* very rough track which crosses the Rowe Hills from the bottom of the median watershed (NW-SE) to the upper watershed which comes down to Lake Baker from Gahnda Rockhole.Very difficult driving across the octont[?] ridges of the hills for 6 miles to where turned into a track bearing 295* to where track turned R. at T junction to approx 15* crossed creek & then headed N.W. starting mulga to find road where it crosses the line of latitude outcrop at Gahnda. Blew tyre with stake. Changed wheel after some confusion because could not find wheel brace at first. Drove on around edge of mulga for abt 1 mile. Back at camp, .... joined road about 2000* sw of rockhole.

> 3 Feb 1967 (Friday)
Athol got another bat Nyctophilus geoffroyi female in the net over the Gahnda Rock Hole [WR121] wt 6.5 g., ... fixed in formalin.

Sched. 0700 hrs
(a) Inter[?] station memo sent to 8Whisky Tango to tell them that fuel at depo[?] consists of diesel 25 gals, petrol 4 gals. For Kevin to take it over, I will write to him from Perth. (
b) Telegram recd. from Perth via U.J.Q. TEDFORD NOT GOING MEEKATHARRA STOP WILL BE IN PERTH UNTIL 10TH PERHAPS 11TH AND WOULD LIKE TO SEE YOU IF POSSIBLE STOP SIR THOMAS INFORMS YOU TIM HAS RESEARCH GRANT - TERRELL
(c) Telegram sent TERRELL CARE MUSEUM PERTH MOVING TODAY VIA WARBURTON MISSION STOP CONGRATULATE SIR THOMAS - RIDE
(d) telegram sent TERRELL CARE MUSEUM PERTH PLEASE CHECK MRS DOUGLAS HAS ADEQUATE FUNDS PRESCHOOL EXPENSES - DOUGLAS

Left Gahnda Rockhole for Sharpes Bluff, Turn off road on Hunt Oil Line 128* 3 miles, road ends at L junction bearing 47* 2 miles, turn into road bearing 126* becomes 146* 5 miles, bear north at corner 165*, 1.5 miles. Inerted white-tipped surveyors peg Turn off track on bearing 94* for 2-3 miles. Lip of valley between Sharpes Bluff breakaways and Lake Baker where photos taken yesterday. Walked down along vehicle tracks looking for Alex's exposure metre. No luck, collected some more fossils. A ? madible (broken into 4) and some plant-like structures. The latter is ..... in the very top surface of the breakaway, it is fairly clear that the fossils so far found in float are all from this top demicrusted sandstone. Across the valley it appears that this layer[?] has a large overburden on at least one mesa. Back at Rockhole after a look around for the meter - no luck. The trip back from the Sharpes Bluff took 55 mins. direct. Collected gecko under baggage. Left Gahnda Rockhole.

Low breakaways with laterized[?] shales, no good. Green Hillman abandoned on road, water in vehicle, suspect aboriginal party seen before, no number plates. Lunch at Sched.[C  ]. Very hot indeed water balance gone to hell. Could hardly hold lunch. Got in some salt and managed to keep it. Was silly and took off shirt earlier in the morning after carrying fossil from Sharpes bluff & lost much water.

Collected grasshoppers. Broad creek low trees. Broad creek low trees. broad road coming away to north. Crossed creek.

Native Welfare Notice edge of Reserve : Poor notice - "must not enter". Would be better to have printed "enter and report".

Blacks Lookout. Warburton Mission. Finished up with about 10 gals. in tanker.

Information for Dick Hawthorn at Warburton Mission. Hunt Oil had a camp at Alexander Springs, thinks there was a road through to the Gunbarrel Highway. RACWA map gives road ring south for 50 m. W. of Turnoff Gunbarrel Highway / Warburton-Giles Rd. We saw the bottom end of this 27 miles before Warbo. - (map gives it as 35).

Distance to Carnegie in RAC map 322 miles.
Call sign 8 ROMEO BRAVO. 5360.
Changed Sched 6.45 weekdays, 7.15 Saturday, 8.55 Sunday, Give positions

1300 hrs every day you are feeding on 6825 and transmitting on 5260. Alexander Springs 265255 Gowalys[?] sheet. Telephone nos. in case we need information re Hunt Oil turnoff to Alexander Springs.

Lord 865795, Geol. Survey 285061, WAPET 233941.

Dorothy Hawthorn got us a cup of tea. She is obviously overworked in the heat. So we went out and fueled up. Dick [Hawthorn] has a fossil Ostrea from somewhere around  - low not known, also our chalk balls should be looked at by someone.

Elder Creek is a glorious sight. Great trees all over the place reminds me of the Oakover in places. Country starts to improve as the Mission is approached[?] , v. great contrast to the country between it and Cosmo. Managed to take in all 44 gals. Dick lent us a 121/2 gal drum which we have just behind the Kaywoo[?] spread[?]. I estimate we are carrying approx. 50 gals plus. Left mission, camped in mulga.

> 4 Feb. 1967 (Saturday)
A strong wind from the east, going to be hot. Sched: Heard 8ROMEO BRAVO tell Charlie that he had annoyed a private Sched, Charlie paid compliment saying that he knew me and had no worries.
Sent telegram : USQ TIM MEAGHER PERTH TELEPHONE 611122 DELIGHTED YOUR NEWS ANTICIPATE SUCCESS RIDE.
Packed up and got away at 09.30. Stopped and took photos of .....[?] [C3328/9] Sandhill country with triodia, mallee, mulga, bluebush, al grevillea & callitris. Michael White v. pleased to have a new sp. of morabine[?] on the grevillea, took photos[C3330-35].

Turnoff along Gunbarrel Highway, signpost Carnegie 282 m., Warburton 40, Giles 175, (Kulgera 580). Surveyed Astrofix S 25* 42'27" E.126"39'47

L. Beadell 16/8/1958 [C3335-6]. Recoalmed[?] the post, new kodachrome in camera, 34.-[C3401] View down Gunbarrel towards Carnegie: Travertine outcrops in the road but no exposures anywhere else, spec. collected. Todd Range : a line of laterite breakaways, good morabines collected but no fossils. Lay road extending North to the horizon [C3402] photo taken eastwards along highway, investigated road to south, it gave up at back of highway. A hundred yards further on find a small  metal tag Rockhole 100*. These proved to be 3 excellent rockholes( (?) on the surface of an exposed outcrop. Collected fora from them, no tortoises Preserved in formalin [C2403,4]. Cairn on Mt. Samuel, a wonderful view across to the south, can see Sutherland Range on the horizon. A road moves around the base of Mt. Sutherland and goes south at a bearing of 185*S. A road turning off at 178*, turned down it and camped at 2841.3 Ref. south of neck 388798. A hot night, v. windy with strong winds with variable directions., Kept me awake.

> 5 Feb (Sunday)
Calculated petrol consumption on the following basis: Consumption up to Minnie Creek, 445.5 m. + 1 jerrycan. Consumption Minnie Creek to Warbo 386.5 m. + 2 jerrycans excluding the move quantities the mpg works out to 13 and 12.5 mpg. Distance from turnoff to Carnegie Homestead = 211.2 miles and on a basis of 13mpg with spare can = 16.6 gals in 4 cans + 1 reserve. At present we have 6 jerrycans + 1/2 tank +12 gals. ie we have approx 20 gals to play with ie 260 miles. Decided that it is unlikely that the Hunt Oil people would have gone west from the road through the breakaway country between it and Alexander Springs and that seems more likely to have cut SW from Mt. Beadell and Decter Airfield.

Listened to Western Australian ABC news /"Third Network" excellent reception. Sched to 8ROMEO BRAVO nothing for VJQ, reception v. poor to JJQ no RV with Athol who was filling water canteens at Mt Samuel rockholes. Camels[?] in chain of lakes crossing the road, suspect that this is the system which flows SW past Sutherland Ra. ie Lake Breeden, Royd Lagoon, Lake Gillen [C3405-10].

Just out of lake system travertine exposed in road, collected specs. , a brown conglomerate exposed in road, collected specs., Quartzite exposed in road, collected specs. Alex collected 2 Amphibolus, sandhills. Sandhill country E of Thryptomene Hill, caught morabines. Survey post concrete [?] with bronze plug. Surveys ^ . Track leading off in about 110* into sandhills.

Notabilis Hill, NH. F. 19. Y junction with left fork being 220*, took left fork. Rt fork appears to be the Gunbarrel. Helicopter pad wuth three roads coming out of it: 1. 336* 2. 218* 3. Approx. 100*. Turns to 267* for 6 miles, [small turnoff to south did not take], Breakaways to north, turn to 238* for 3 miles, turns south 179* for 11 miles to crossroads  where we turned right at 278* (We investigated construction but this became a mere surveyors line so we returned to the crossroads at) drove along road for 10 miles which started at 278* and became 265* (for purposes of plotting, I assumed that 5 miles was done at 278* and 5 at 265*). We refuelled the Land Rover so that we now had a completely full vehicle with a potential of some 420-450 miles. Crossroads at 350*, straight over. Flooded creekflats incredible number of frogs & tadpoles. Collected and took photos of Michael & Alex fishing[C3412-15], [B&W 1-3]. New road to left (crossroads) at 195*. This should take us straight to Sutherland Ra. which is now approx 15 m. to the south of us. Ran along flooded creek flats with travertine exposed in road to a valley with a flood across the road. Frogs calling, tracks everywhere. Dog, fox, large macropod, v. small macropod (on its own), probable bandicoot and numerous other tracks. Some rain on the way in and heavy showers from lunchtime onwards. Dodged around the floods but diesel could not get across the first big dune decided to camp for night on top of dune to south of flooded flats.

Miles travelled since morning = 183.5 m. Miles travelled on Gunbarrel 50.5 distance for Gunbarrel turnoff to Carnegie = 177.2 m. ... to Warbo = 127.8 but distance given on signpost of 282m. distance to Carnegie Homestead =197.3 m. Must send telegrams tomorrow:

To 8 ROMEO BRAVO. POSITION APPROX 18 MILES FROM ALEXANDER SPRINGS WILL MOVE BACK TO GUNBARREL AND ON TO CARNEGIE TODAY. TERRELL CARE MUSEUM PERTH> LEAVING VICINITY ALEXANDER SPRINGS FOR CARNEGIE TODAY RIDE.

KEY CORSEARCH CANBERRA  VICINITY ALEXANDER SPRINGS TODAY STOP ARRIVING MELBOURNE FEBRUARY 17 WITH MANY LIVING MORABINES HOPE YOU CAN VISIT MELBOURNE SOON AFTER TO INSPECT THEM - MICHAEL WHITE

> 6th Feb Monday
Decide to christen this place Athol's Lagoon. BROOME SHEET. Photo of  camp[C3416-20] collected male Amphibolus in good breeding condition. Packed up and got through on Sched. Sent all telegrams and asked Charlie if we had any news of a road out of Alexander Spring to the N.W. He agreed to ring Geol. Survey to ask them & we arranged a Sched at 0930 on 6825 kc. Alex checked the frogs collected yesterday all O K. Athol & Michael to stay put - we will try to reach Sutherland Range. Left camp at 0850 hrs. [Sandhill] country, fine rock exposed - [pitches] for the last couple of miles [C3421]. Sched 0930 hrs. Got through v. well. The telephone number Dick gave me for Geol. Survey was wrong so  had to stand by while checked new number. Drove on down track to 35.2 and turned right at crossroads as bearing 267* to 36.2 where we were on top of the range. Range here seems to consist of quartzite and sandstone[?] with sidiulls[?] right up in the depression. Probably O.K. if we could get to the southern side but this would take days. Charlie came up on Sched and said no roads to the S.W. all to the N.E. Hut Oil says previously 1-2 m. in W. of Alexander Spring ad 30 m N.Graded road to N.E. in 1964. Sutherland Range turned back [C3422,3,4], collected green [?] at 12.00 hrs.

Back at camp at Athol's Lagoon, packed up and crossed lagoon to join others. 13.50 left lagoon, 15.50 at Gunbarrel Hwy. Route out perfectly clear and easy in our tracks. V. hot and tired day. Cloud building.

Tadpoles (but later evidently destroyed). Mt. Beadell, sediments, the top part seems to be something like spangolite collected greens. n the top there seems to be a conglomerate but I expect that this an old B[?]horizon and chemically fired. Saw euro - shot and seemingly[?] wounded but got up and away in mulga. Saw mice crossing road. Stopped and camped. This place is a spinifex plain with a very few stunted bushes & dead workwoods[?]. Surveyors peg (cement with bronze), Northern Territory Surveys.

Alex had a field day : collected Pseudochis when he was walking around, then shot Notomys alexis f., then ran one down alive I was too tired to take any effective part in the proceedings beyond helping Athol set traps.Notomys alexis f. [WR122] collected A. Baynes shot in spinifex plain 5 m. NW of Mt. Beadell, preserved in formalin. Notomys aexis [WR163] kept alive will try to send down to Perth. Photo taken of locality[C3425, 26] all with shotgun cant in. Telegrams for Sched next day:

1. WHITE>PHONE 859033 MELBOURNE. BETWEEN WARBURTON MISSION AND CARNEGIE STOP CONFIRM RETURNING FEBRUARY 17 LOVE MICHAEL.
2. DOUGLAS  PHONE 491175 PERTH -ARRIVING HOME LATE SUNDAY EARLY MONDAY LOVE ATHOL
3. PETER RIDE PHONE 862242 PERTH HAPPY BIRTHDAY STOP WE WILL HAVE PARTY WHEN I GET BACK LOVE DAD.

> 7 Feb. 1967 (Tuesday)
10.30 hrs left camp after preping all specs taken previous night. Very sticky but strong wind and low clouds - showers of rain. Large main road joins from East. Mt. Everard & Mt.Gordon. Athol had climbed to top of Mt E - he got there first & waited for us. Structure same as Mt Beadell. Airstrip at 62.8. Surveyors trig where road turns SW. NM/F/23. Became deeply bogged with diesel, petrol got across we then soybombed[?] the diesel out. Mungilli Claypan filled with water [C3427,8,9] also examined exposures to south of road[C3430] tracks of camels[?]. The problem of these small exposures is a difficult one. All the way from Mt. Beadell, whever they occur i.e. Mt. Everard, and small breakaways to Mt. William Lambert they have each one exposure i.e. a very light "spangolite"-like material capped by what is probably the same thing but much more silicious. Camped in sandhills with threatening clouds and strong wind. Drizzle during the early part of the evening. Tried burning spinifex and walking around but no tracks or anything in the spinifex. Alex took bearing back up hill aong track of road which winds[?] slightly 33*.

> 8 Feb. 1967 (Wednesday)
Up at 4.45 Decided to get on immediately in the hope of getting to Carnegie before the rain makes it impossible. Stopped for Sched and breakfast. Not in traffic list but sent telegram:
TERRELL CARR MUSEUM PERTH -M POSITION 35MILES EAST CARNEGIE HOMESTEAD STOP HOPE REACH VICINITY WILUNA TONIGHT - RIDE
Drew up route in the Sutherland Range for the map board. [Sketch]

Windmill on left, first cattle., gate, Carnegie Homestead, Gordo & Mrs Brown, left in charge while Linke's on holiday. Found petrol and diesel and fuelled up approx 20-22 gals into each vehicle. Browns gave us v. good steak. Lake. Rounded hill of exposures with siltstones & clays with intrusted[?] tips which have eroded off to form heaps of shale like material. No fossils seen. Collected from Hill north of lake about 180* n. of road from horizon[?] half way up.[C3431] [sketch] Exposures in bed of creek s. of road [Sketch]. Chased red kangaroos for Alex to photograph. Stopped for Sched to VSQ, not in traffic list. Turned over to 4010 to listen to the Meeka traffic list. Meanwhile Michael caught one of the species of morabine which he had come to the West for. Got through to VVS at around then ("Thelma") but I could be listening to the traffic list 7am & 400[?] pw daily. Fence line with gate. Creek crossing.

Wongawoll Homestead - noone at home. Back at homestead after .... track. Small concrete survey post. Gate in fence line : two gates took right. Left road to chase kangaroo. Small concrete survey post. Stopped to brew up on flat N. of well marked creek with large eucalypts. Alex went off with gun to see if he could get a couple of ducks. Got out wireless aerial to see if possible to get weather forecast, v. threatening getting dark early.

Athol and Michael arrived in yellow peril. They must have moved. Amazing incident with an aerosol container with insect repellent. Went off in dark and sprayed Athol's face. Decided to go on because of threat of rain and creek to cross. No sign of Alex. Ultimately after tooting and lights he turned up. The creek is Wongawol Creek at Kepeltin Spring. Creek impossible at road but found way across in the dark to the E of road. Yard across the creek, found road after casting around in the dark and rain. Turn off ? Windidda. Turn off.  Found reasonable camp in mulga. V. tired, brewed up and got to bed with as little delay as possible. Alex had to be awakened to have his meal. Even Athol is tired. Rain stopped. Steak for tea v. good.

> 9 Feb. 1967 (Thursday)
Camp in mulga, left 08.30. Sched but no good. Reception excellent on 4010 band but VK3 could not hear. will try later. Telegrams :

TERRELL CARE MUSEUM PERTH.ARRANGE HELEN COLLECT NOTOMYS SENDING FROM MEEKATHARRA TODAY AIR. RIDE.

FRY PHONE 746415 PERTH SENDING NOTOMYS POSSIBLY ALEXIS AIR MEEKATHARRA TODAY CONTACT HELEN. DAVID

Michael & Athol left during Sched to get on with collecting.VKJ procedure not easy to break into.She calls all the stations in turn whether they have traffic or not. Caught up with "yellow peril"and swapped passengers so that I could have a talk with Mildred.

Stopped on road and collected 2 spp of morabines - 1 a new species with a bifid sub-anal plate and the other one of the Virgo sp. group. This is probably the :Meeka - species". Got through on Sched and passed telegrams at 11.30. Meekatharra. Had lunch and refuelled the vehicles. Alex & Athol got the Notomys off to Helen by air. Paid for lunch $2. Alex & self left Michael and Athol in Meeka to get off the morabines and we pressed on to Magnet and Yalgoo. Telephoned Margaret & told her to expect us night of 10th between 5.30 & 6.30. Tried to get through to Broads at Mellenbye - no answer. Amphibolurus barbatus on road. Alex collected. Cue. Lake Austin full of water, ripples of wind, a nice sight, road open but only just.

Mt Magnet. Filled up. Telephoned Mellenbye, roads not home : in Perth for fortnight. Had meal. Decided to drive on to Barnong in the dark to look at the exposures. Bought fruit. Yalgoo in dark. Barnong Stn. turned off dam fence line to Mooloo well. Shot 2 rabbits, spotlight, Alex with gun seated on spare wheel. Bedded down in usual campsite. Mosquitoes very bad. Sound of a little waterfall - unusual !

> 10th Feb. 1967 Friday
Examined exposures, v. interesting, a high floodline up to the very top of the bank - well marked line of refuse[?] along the sandy sloping bank on the W. side of the Ederga. All exposures swept clean & v. easy to examine. Walked down from there[?] to Crocodile side of the greenstone bars to the fenceline where it crosses the creek. River flowing quite strongly. About 4-6" deep over the sandbanks, about as silt as the sea. Atherines of various sizes swimming. Lots of signs of Varanus and Amphibolurus swimming around. The exposures downstream are v. interesting. I get the impression that the whole is much more complex than we originally thought. There seems to be a very old conglomerate overlying the greenstone and, moreover, there also seems to be a sedimentation level above the present B horizon. Does this mean that the B horizon is an early soil which has since been planed off and then added to ? [sketch]. Stopped to refuel. Perenjori, lunch. 61 mile peg south of Bindoon, many termite mounds 1/2 mile N. of tins[?]. 18.15 hrs. HOME.
 
List of people : Cosmo Newberry - Claude Cotterill
Warburton Mission - Sam Mollenhauer
Secretary UAM Perth K. R. Morgan
Margaret Daleman owner and administrator Windidda, Carnegie & Wongawol
Mr. D. Keer, manager Windidda Stn
Mr W A Brosnan, Manager Wangawol Stn.
Mr. R. Linke Manager Carnegie Stn.
Mr. A. John Carlisle - Meteorite collector
Bill Clewley, Kalgoorlie School of Mines, 79 Ward St.
Hodson, T.
Ross Ryan 162 Boulder Rd.
Tony Davis Warburton Ra. Mission
Dick Hawthorn Warburton Mission
Mick Sawyer Warburton Mission
3 p. of details....

0715 Spencer from SmithWhite came up to say that he could not find microscope lamp - told him to look in microscope box. He is 70 m. E of Blackstone in Cavanagh Ranges.

SCHED. 7.30 1. Telegram fr Perth. 13 words 4.22 yesterday 
RIDE 8WNX KALGOORLIE SUNFLOWER SEEDS SENT TO WARBURTON MISSION VIA WESTERN MINING AIRCRAFT  TERRELL.

Arranged SCHEDS
   (i) with Ruth & Eric Swan 8 W.O.Y. at 0710
  (ii) with Harry Butler at 0715 8WFS.

Telegrams sent .
1. DOUGLAS PHONE 491175 PERTH BRUCE COLLECT YELLOW BOX MUSEUM STOP UNPACK STOP NOTIFY PAT POSSIBLY STAY FULL TRIP LOVE : ATHOL

2. PROFESSOR WHITE CARE GENETICS MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY MELBOURNE UNABLE TO FIND MORABINES YAMARNA OR LAKE BAKER STOP WHERE DO THEY GO EVERY NIGHT : DAVID RIDE.
1(1Aug cont.)

[WR 179] Mus musculus f. Creek bed in spinifex near Sharpe's Bluff. Coll. A.M.D. 1/8/67.
[WR180] Mus musculus m. creek bed in spinifex near Sharpe's Bluff Coll. A.M.D.
[WR181] Mus musculus, creek bed in spinifex near Sharpe's Bluff. Coll. A.M.D.
[WR183] Leggadina hermansbergensis, creek bed in spinifex near Sharpe's Bluff Coll. A.M.D.    [WR182] Mus musculus. Creek bed in spinifex near Sharpe's Bluff, Coll. A.M.D.
[WR184 - 185] Notomys both kept alive and sent to Perth. Collected in cage traps baited universal bait and oatmeal. Spinifex and sandy slope near Sharpe's Bluff. Coll. A.M.D.

Left camp at 09.10 drove down to the cutline nearest camp which bears 169*.
Cutline goes off at 320* ed down over hill onto major direction of 217*, crosses per creek (presumably at 387668, Turn left into 117*, cross over cutline on 32* (suspect this is the cutline which we have used over last few days to take usdown to the peninsula in square 4067).

Cross another cutline in a bearing of 60*. This goes up over the hills at the southern end of the lake & is marked with a metal post and tag no. 3/152 - possibly Hunt Oil.) Cutline ends with a rt. angle turn towards the South-West. No good to us. Back to 3/152. Take 60* cutline at 3/152. Reach creek over a sand dune. The creek flows into the lakes and to presumably 408666, time 12.10. Collected artifacts which had blown out of the dune where we stopped. Climbed down & saw island about 2 m. north across the lake with good exposures. Decided to walk. Little time because we would have to leave by 14.15 if we are to get back before dark. Crossing down to lake shore find Australite in on ones with flake tools on side of dune. Walked across to island, about 2 miles, took little over 1/4 hour walking across the crusty surface of the lake. Pleasantly warm in the sun - saw a couple of willie-willies in the distance. It would be a fierce place in summer. I have only seen it then from the top of Sharpe's Bluff with great willies tearing across its surface in the glowing[?] heat. Exposures on the island of about 20 ft., all gypsum crystals and evaporate [?] mud. Obviously the mainland basin [?] is a truncated bit of this overlain by sand dunes. No sign of australites. No fossils - only root tubes in the sand. Walked back. Collected another larger australite from the dune with the artifacts. This one is not chipped.

Back to vehicle. Had a bite of lunch at 14.10 hrs at turnoff down the road back. Turned right into cutline, stopped for Sched. 3 telegrams.

1. Melb., Vic. 12 w. 12.35 Ride 8WNX
IF PRESENT MORABINES SHOULD BE ON LOW ACACIA SHRUBS : MICHAEL.

2. Perth 15w 10.40 A. Douglas Museum Party. 8WNX
I RECEIVED CHEQUES THANKS ALL WELL LOTS OF LOVE : MOLLIE

3. Perth 15w.10.40 Ride 8WNX
FLOWERS JOY ALL TICKETS SOLD PENNY HAS SON LETTER WITH SEED LOVE MARGARET.

By interruption caused by station trying to get advice for Dr. who was in aeroplane on how to remove kangaroo tick. Advice hot needle (to neck, to tick, or stick into tick ?) - reply torch tick, then apply antiseptic ointment follow with penicillin 6 hourly - Suspect that this treatment wont work & will hear more of it. Sent 2 telegrams:

1. MR & MRS BANNISTER PHONE 284411 PERTH.
SINCERE CONGRATULATIONS DELIGHTED YOUR WONDERFUL NEWS : DAVID.

2. PROFESSOR CALLAWAY UNIVERSITY WA CRAWLEY HAVE JUST HEARD SEATS BOOKED OUT STOP PLEASE CONGRATULATE ALL PERFORMERS AND THANK THEM FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO SAINT COLUMBA COLLEGE APPEAL STOP AM SURE THAT SUCCESSFUL CONCERT WILL FOLLOW STOP WISH I COULD HEAR IT STOP WOULD LISTEN TO EACH INSTRUMENT IN LAST ITEM WITH PARTICULAR APPRECIATION STOP PLEASE ALSO ACCEPT THANKS YOURSELF REGARDS RIDE.

Went to drive on and find we had a staked tyre. Changed it. Reached our old cutline 32*, turned down it in order to find that out here across Sharpe's Buff is on own cleared track. Reached camp just before dark. Decided to leave here for Warbo tomorrow. After Athol & I finished our meaning[?]. He dug out a couple of burrows during the day. He also prepared a Notymus shell [?] for Jack Mackey[?] which I will send off from Warbo. Yesterday Bob removed section of Sharpe's Bluff. Must get more properly fixed in this feature. [Sketch showing layers of sediments ]. went to bed at 23.20 hrs. Cold. Spent rest of time on Notomys.

> 2nd Aug (Wednesday)
Sched 0730 hrs. Sent telegram to organizer of Crent Gueal[?]
C.P. Bird. Phone 33884 Perth
PLEASE GIVE ALL LADIES MY THANKS FOR SUCCESS RIDE.

Spoke to Dick Husthem[?] and told him that we would be over during the day and informed tht we had recd his message about the tyre. Harry Butler reports that he has Judmide[?] but nothing else so far. Spent morning cleaning up and getting packed. 12.15 had lunch. Saw Athol off first. Left camp at 12.45 hrs for Galimba and Warburton Mission. Arrived Galimba 13.55 hrs. Tank showing empty. Filled up both vehicles since last fill & 1 hour of charging & used 7 gals. Picked up 3 full drums of petrol, piping it up into empty drums placed in the centre aisle of the lab. Athol set off gingerly for the Hunt Oil turnoff. Missed Hunt Oil turnoff which, according to Dick Husthem is marked by an airstrip which crosses the road. This should be a few miles before road bearing North & then West to ? Sutherland Range now.

Reserve sign. Stub (Photographed) [C3721]. Arrived Warburton Mission. Athol and I had meal with Husthem and 2 mission visitors Bob sent to Western Mining for the accomodation[?]. Arrived at Western Mining Office, stayed night , met Bob Hewlett (geologist in charge), a crew-cropped Victorian, Les (his offsider - assays).

> 3rd August (Thursday)
7.30 Sched. Telegram sent TERRELL PHONE 384411
PERTH AT WESTERN MINING CAMP WARBURTON NO TYRE NO SCREED STOP WORKING AREA LIGHTNING ROCKS. RIDE

Having talked it over with Bob Hewlett last night he said that they had located an area of travertine[?] among the pre-cambrian over near Lightning Rock. Bob Savage and he looked at it on the  photomosaic[?] and it looked like a possible small sedimentary basin. Decided to go over for a few days. Bob & I saw another fossil - a metamorphosed schist. Went and had lunch with David Kinnimont Native Welfare Mrs Kinnimont. She is interested in mammals. Mrs Kinnimont gave me a Notomys which she had bought from an old man for a stick of tobacco (20c.) last night, it had died during the night [WR186] Notomys. Athol purchased 5 Notomys (for $1 each - a greatly inflated price) alive at the native camp [WRS187-191] : hermed[?] later on 5th Aug., rest at end of next book. Decided to hire Johnson Lane, a Wongai man at $7.75 per diem to come out to Lightning Rock. Left Warburton Camp at 1458 hrs for Lightning Rock. End of rearee[?]. Out of petrol in tank, refilled with 1 jerrican. Athol stopped vehicle just before Lightning Rock ("Lightning Rocks close up here")and ran down a Notomys [WR192]. Arrived Lightning Rock, made camp in the dark. Athol and I put out 60 shewners[?], setting down at 10" intervals for the camp site. Low sand-wind grass and spinifex occasional scattered trees, mostly acacias. To bed at 11.30.

> 4th August 1967 (Friday)
Lightning RocksUp at 6.00. Cronough[?] R.V. clear to the east across the plain. Sched at 7.00 to Harry Butler - very poor reception. He is olc and has Leggadina, Notomys and Tadarida[?]. Spoke to Kevin Ewings at Yamarna, told him to use our spare drum and give us credit. Spoke to Spencer South White[?]. Sam McKay[?] had broken his leg and had to be flown out from Wingelina yesterday. They are now at the junction of the Giles & Sandy Blight Junction roads.

SCHED at 07.30 Telegram from Terrell to Ride 8WNX
TYRE SENT HAWTHORN OF WARBURTON MISSION AT LEONORA ON 26TH JULY STOP SUNFLOWER SEED SENT VIA WESTERN MINING KALGOORLIE 31ST JULY AND TO WARBURTON VIA THEIR CHARTER PLANE ON AUGUST 2ND STOP TYRE AND TUBE LOCATED LEONORA STATION TERRELL
replied TERRELL PHONE 284411 PERTH -
THANKS WESTERN MINING SEARCHING STOP PROBABLY REROUTE TYRE RAWLINNA HOLD LEONORA UNTIL INSTRUCTED STOP INFORM ME REGARDING SACRED STORE WARBURTON AREA : RIDE.

Had breakfast and a very bad spasm of toothache, took Boscopan but it laid me out until 10:00 when I went over to Bilbring rock to see paintings found by Job. Johnson had already told us that there were waterholes in the rock. Photographed paintings [C37122-5] Sketch. Also took colour photos of Cavenagh Ra. to east , towards north west. To south and to Lightning Rocks across our camp [C3726-30].MUST INFORM LANDS AND SURVEY LIGHTNING ROCK NOW ON OTHER SIDE (i.e. NORTH) OF ROAD. Traps this morning had a Notomys [WR193], a Leggadina [WR194]. On the way back from rocks Athol fell in a mouse in the cup [WR195] Mus musculus.

Left camp to look for T....te[?] exposure bedore the Cavenagh Range which should be six miles from here. In  valley between red dunes W of Cavenagh Range collected quail thrush at Athol's request. In low acacia silicate [?] and calcrete [?] outcropping. Numerous tracks of what seems to be a very small..iepod[?]. Photos 1.[C3131] of Bob at exposure 2. [C7732] of general view of Acacia[?] for Quail thrush habitat. Bob collected Cinclusoma specimens. Stopped took photos of Cavenagh Range esl & small plant in the dune to serve as background for ....l[?] [C34-36]. Back at camp. Johnson had found 2 dead mice mummified [WR5196-7] went out with Johnson in afternoon and looked at tracks.

   Dangawal(ah) or Wulwul - Notys
   Mingay = mouse
   Wynde = possum (sounds very like Wylde) still extant in big trees.
   Wylburdee *= at night eats carrion. long nose & tail
   Ninoo = digs holes in thicket country = M. lagotis
   Wanoo = rock wallaby
   Maalaa = holes like rabbit. finished now. Wallaby = B. lesmeuri
   Marloo = red
   Killigidee, Tonigabadoo = emu

Goolbit - Cosmo, Warburton etc not his place but on the Rawlinna Road plenty Cundeelee
It looks as though Wulil Wulil is not Antechinery's at all as John Kinsela thought. Must check with Mrs Kinnimont and "that feller John in Western Mining Camp."

The travertine exposures are a dead loss. There are nodular calcrete structures which seem to be fixed within the dunes - they may later be silicified to form nodular siliciates and even given a fenicrete surface. No fossils here. Bob collected specimens which illustrate all stages including a secondary stage in the calcite function which results in a superficial over blace[?] to comglomerates. One of the Notys Athol kept has a broken leg, killed it [WR187]. Back at camp at 9.30. Shot a pigeon for the pot at sundown.
* John Cam suspects this is Myrmicodia.

> 5th August (Saturday)
Up at 6.45, a cold night 28*- pyjamas split up the back so I couldnt get warm. Still feel better. 7.30 Sched. Telegram from Terrell etc in reply RIDER 8WNX 26words

TWO HUTS DESPATCHED BY DNW BY RAIL IN JUNE ERECTION OF SAME PENDING ARRIVAL OF PROJECT OFFICER IN APPROXIMATELY TWO WEEKS STOP MEASHER STOP ADVISE ARCHER REMAINS HERE BEGINS SORTING IDENTIFYING IMMEDIATELY MERRILEES BAYNES.

Walked up the hill with Johnson and got a somewhat unsatisfactory interpretation of the paintings. He says that they were done a long time ago. The white ochre comes from over near Wimbourne Hill and the red from all about here. Athol had considerable success : 2 Notymus, 1 Leggadina, 1 Antechinus macdowellensis : Notymus [WR187], [WR188], Antechinus macdowellensis [WR199], [WR200], [WR201], [WR202], [WR202], [WR203], [WR204], [WR205] Leggadina, [WR206] Notomys. Left Lightning Rocks for Warburton Western Mining camp. Giles Tank took photographs of inscriptions "Sir John Forrest 15:8:74[C3805], "Giles Tank" D.C. Cable 21:8:1930 (sandlewood cutter of Laverton) whose inscription so nearby seems to have been responsible for them. View of the watchhole "tank" [C3806]. View across the Cavenagh Ra. from the tank [C3807]. Run out of petrol i.e. 1 complete jerrican used since 97.7 i.e. 63 miles about all in 4wheel drive i.e. 17 m.p.g. Caught Mus musculus in light of spotlight [WR no number, discarded]. Drove back to Western Mining camp in dark. Had meal with Les who told me that the Macrotis which had been the pet of John Carr of Western Mining had escaped. Turned in at 10 pm, very tired indeed.

> 6 August (Sunday)
After breakfast had Sched to try to talk to Ruth Swan[?] to get her postal address, arranged for 2pm. Drove over to talk to David Kinnimont. Paid $30.95 for hire of Johnson Lane, $5.00 for Sacred ornament, $1.60 for 8 Notamys (1 dead - discarded). Position with stoves for Sacred Bonds is that half of each stone is to go here and the other half at Leonora. They will be brought up by the Mission & there will be a bill for cartage. David Kinninmont will forward this through DNW. Kinninmont will be away until 21st of August and can be expected to stay at Warbo for 6 weeks. Ceremonies are about to start when people come from Musgrave Park and and will last about a fortnight. Man making ceremonies, kangaroo geyle[?]. one boy from here has been sent to Musgrave Park and they are waiting for him to come back - could be 100 people over from the Musgraves. Regarding the postion of female anthropologist, Betsy Gould was allowed to witness a little of the beginning of sacred ceremonies but David K. would not advise having a woman involved in the store for sacred boards. A person known[?] in the area should be employed in the negotiations or at least known by reputation (of our people only Crawford[?] is known). Of bush natives left, a camp of 3 males, 3 females & 3 children are 50 m. south of Windy Corner, they will be contacted by Bob Verburct of Woomera Research Centre next week. David & Bob leave here on the 12th or 13th of this month & will be met 4 or 5 days. The group is thought to have been at Warbo 6 or 8 years ago & is probably Pintibi[?]. Except for 4 (man, woman, 2 children) in the Sir Frederick Range.(trucks seen by United Carrier[?] Exped), this is probably th last guys outside the missions and stations. Bob V. went back & checked the trucks of the Windy Corner lot but the U.S. Exped. report is not confirmed Petrol at Gambamba[?], David Kinninmont will pick up the 1 1/2 drums & issue an LPO to the Museum. 1430hrs Sched a failure too much electrical machinery. Filled up at Western Mining, tank showing[?] empty. Left 1 2/3 drums there & 1 empty drum.[Must write to David Kinninmont about this]. John E. Carr. Friend of the South Australian Museum. Carr came in an hour or so before we left for Rawlinna. He is a keenly interested naturalist & friend of John Mitchell. Has excellent Kodachromes of Notomys also he is making a collection from the area for S.A.M. Have given him a note for John Mitchell suggesting that John Gets a permit for him to collect. He ha a photo of a Sminthopsis worth following up. Left Warburton Mission 1545 hrs. Left new road on the old Warbo road to the south, went along it until it petered out. Turned back to new road - no Athol - back to look for him. Puncture. Back at new road, decided to drive down as far as the Yowalga Oil Well. Camped there for the niight 25.1 miles from Warburton Mission.

Very tired & fed up. Mechanic at Warbo Western Mining misinterpreted the attitude of the International and had told Athol that it was dangerous - this produced a crisis which resulted in it being impossible for me to load petrol into the rear of the vehicle. So we have only our tanks and normal fuel drums to get us there. Little to play with.

> 7th August (Monday)
Up at dawn, a beautiful but very cold morning. Talked to Harry Butler at 0700. He is at a position 15m N.E. of Elduna Rockhole & 5 miles from Kalura Rockhole on his way to Wanna Lakes. Spoke to Ruth Swan[?], got her address for M. and tea[?] women to write. Told the Swans composition of our party and to expect us at the weekend. Telegram sent:

1.RIDE PHONE 862242 PERTH :
LEFT WARBURTON FOR RAWLINNA STOP YOUR LETTERS WARBURTON MISSING WRITE CARE SWAN KANANDAH PRIVATE MAIL BAG KALGOORLIE 6434 LOVE ALL:DEE

2. TERRELL PHONE 284411 PERTH.
WARBURTON AREA UNPRODUCTIVE STILL NO TRACE SEED OR MAIL STOP FIND AND REROUTE KANANDAH PRIVATE MAILBAG KALGOORLIE 6434 STOP ALSO REROUTE TYRE RAWLINNA STATION STOP MERRILEES WHOLEHEARTEDLY APPLAUD YOUR DECISION STOP SARA WHO IS GOING STOP WILL WRITE OR TELEPHONE CAUTION AS SOON AS POSSIBLE : RIDE

Left camp at 10.30 hrs. to drive to the Rawlinna turnoff. Airstrip crosses road on top of hill. Drove back tp the first major turn off southwards or per Hawthorn's instructions. Turn off. Road goes off on 111* (31.2 m. from mission[?]). Cross laterite hill. Road starts to wind through dunes. Evapinate[?] on top of hill (v. low; about dune height) to east of road ; presumably blue spots show at 447718-7. Bulldozer exposed silicified sandstone & a mail-like or having spangilite-like [?] white rock rather like that of the Cretaceous along the Gunbarrel Highway. Collected Amphibolous at exposure. Stopped at Cretaceous outcrop for lunch at 1330, probably Gold Rocks 453706. Started again at 1400 hrs. road bears 160*, breakaway on left with ? trig point on hillcrest on right. Road bears 175*. Road follows around top of breakaway, camped at top of breakaways. Numerous small caves & rockshelters with plentiful stick & stone auberat[?] structures[?]. Decided to have traps set all over to try to find out what makes these structures[?]. Numerous small common-type scats around the piles. Sched. Telegrams recd.

1. PERTH 21 words 2.31 DR RIDE 8WNX
TYRE REROUTED TO RAWLINNA STOP SEED MAP ETC SENT TODAY VIA WESTERN MINING TO WARBURTON WEDNESDAY PLANE STOP PROJECT OFFICER A.T.PARKER OF KALGOORLIE SARA ON LEAVE THIS WEEK. TERRELL.

2. PERTH 14w. at 1.19 RIDE PORTABLE 8NNX
THANKS THREE LETTERS WRITING TODAY CARE SWAN CONCERT HILLARIOUS SUCCESS LOVE MARGARET.

Set. 1. TERRELL PHONE 284411 PERTH.
ALREADY LEFT WARBURTON PLEASE REROUTE MAPS SEED KANANDAH RIDE.

West for a walk to see if I could get a euro. Scats around the breakaways. No luck. Found that one of the Lake Baker Notys had given birth during the day to 3 young surprisingly large. Did not touch them for fear of having them eaten ; however marked H & B in a bit of paper approx 31 mm.[WR 212] Antechinus macdonnellensis f., died in captivity 7 Aug 1967. Caught Lightning Rocks A.M.D. 6/8/67. Fried chop fat in cage trap. No young in pouch, 6 very small teats each separate by spaced from the other (not in groups like some dasyurids).
[WR 213] Notomys male 6/8/67.
 
The Pearl Shell Ornament : [Told to David Kinnimont by David Gill, a Wongai, originally from the Mt. Davies Area.]

This is Bilbit - breast bone of kangaroo.

Belongs to Marloo, belongs to David Gill ; got it the other side of Talawan. Come from Ernabella long way from Alice Springs.

Boy from Mt. Davies was blown away by wind. Men went to look. Two men, one Marloo and one Euro, started at Mt. Davies. A different Marloo came over Warburton way and went back. Went right round this side Alice Springs looking for one boy. The Marloo and Euro went to many places. The different Marloo man was coming around other side Winbal (Winburn Rocks) picked up boy at Punti-put, north-east Winbal went to Bungala yulgoari. The Marloo man put the big boy in his pouch to Billbarin, where he was made a man, which is south east of Mt. Davies. Marloo man left him (the Bilbit) this side of Alice Springs. Someone gave him to my brother who gave him to me. Part of the journey is marked by a rock formation near Alownis [?] which looks like a kangaroo lying on its back. [The carving on the ornament has no significance for the Wongai-or the story above] [C3808-11]....

Seem to have forgotten very little. Sieves left behind and a groundsheet. I will also have to try to get a truck-driver's licence in Kalgoorlie. Bob Savage in excellent spirits, glad to be off at last after 3 weeks of Plaistowe around Perth while I completed my problems.

Cunderdin : topped up with 4 1/2 gallons.

Southern Cross filled up with 8 /2 gals. Athol had been through before me in the big mobile lab. the station attendant said. Coolgardie. Athol had been there about 1/2 hr., we arrived a few minutes after eight. We ate at the cafe opposite the Mines Office. Turn off down the Coolgardie Norseman Rd., Turned off road to the right to camp for night. A clear frosty night, v. cold indeed. got wireless working and tuned in at 2340 hrs.

> 19 July (Wednesday)
Must (1) See Tim Hodson re flowers & museum (2) See Bill Cleverly re sieves (3) buy groundsheet (4) fix fridge and get meat (5) See Cameron(?) at Western Mining re aircraft for recce.

Very cold night. Athol up at 3, temp 32*, 42* at dawn, up soon after. Bob had
 ice in his cilico(?). Got through on Sched to Charlie at 7.30, told him to tell Kevin Ewings at Whisky Whisky Tango that we would be on our way. Drove back to Coolgardie, had breakfast & a wash at the cafe opposite the mine(?) office next to Ben Prior's garage & house. Filled up at Ba's garage. Got to Kalgoorlie at 10.00 and went straight round to Bill Clevely. He took us to see Eric Cameron at Western Mining, an ex student of Bob's of 8 years previously. Eric agreed to fix it for Western Mining to let us charter an aircraft for Warburton Mission half-way through a Western Mining Charter from Kalgoorlie to the Mission or back. This will save us the cost of a delivery charge to Warbo. Bill and I then left the other two to talk over old times and we went back to the School of Mines to deal with problems. We first over the representation of Bill on the Golden Mile Museum Committee as deputy of Sir Thomas Meagher. He agreed & I wrote to Ray George asking him to write to Hobson at the School of Mines to get permission. We then went round to see Tim Hobson, Chairman of the Golden Mile Museum, to fix it verbally with him. This was OK. I also ordered a bunch of flowers & sent a card for M. to be delivered on the 25th[?] wedding anniversary.

Athol took the lab off to get muffler seen to and to get batteries & frig connected up. Went and got torch bulbs (spares) and a good strong waist-belt. Drove up with Bill to see Charlie Prideaux at Flying Doctor Base. He and Alma seemed pleased to see me. I told him what we were doing and we are all "official" now. Went to the Police to get a new driving licence and also to get a learners B licence for the truck - failed the written 20/out of 25. Told by the policeman to go away and practise in the bush - but not on a road. I can come back in a month to try again. Had lunch with Bill Clevely -  Bob had lunch with Eric and Athol with Tony Moriarty (Bill's Asst.). After lunch went
 to NOESKA and arranged with them for a charter when we ask for it over Radio.

2 possibilities:
Code the WARBURTON SURVEY FLIGHT = Warburton Mission, Sutherland Range, Rason Lake, Baker Lake, Warburton Mission OR
Code name COSMO NEWBERY SURVEY FLIGHT = Cosmo N., Rason Lake, Baker Lake, Sutherland Range, Cosmo N.

When we ask for code Warbo they will check with Western Mining if the company has a two day charter laid on for Wednesday (to Warbo) Thursday (back to Kal) if so, they will ask to do our job on the Thursday and the Western Mining second leg on the Friday. They will then inform us if it is possible. NOESKA (Aviation) phone 116 Kalgoorlie.Went back to Bill's office. Saw Athol & started him off down the road to Leonora at 14.30 hrs. Sat down and wrote references & reports on Barry Wilson's and Duncan Merrylees's research applications to the Research Grants Committee and on John B. for Hodgkin. Sent them all to Lyn to have typed and forwarded. Sent in receipts for wire for sieves and torch bulbs to Rob for recomp as well as the pink halves of local produce orders 201-201 (inc.).

Left Kalgoorlie at approx.15.45 hrs., refill with 1 jerry can, met Athol. Drove into Leonora. Had meal at Pete's Cafe and refilled. Drove on in the dusk towards Laverton, fox crossed road, 1 small euro, no other animals. Stopped 27 miles short of Laverton at where we camped in mulga, a warm night, overcast, wind from the east. Pleasant change from previous night. Full moon behind thin cloud. Made wind break from mulga & map bond.

> 20th July 1967 (Thursday)
Up at 5.45, a dawn with broken cloud cover, still warm, bell birds & butcher birds trying to call. Got tea, Athol up too. Came through to Charlie asked him to check with 8WWT. [?] in tent we would be in early afternoon. Packed up camp after a good breakfast on road at 08.15. Laverton filled up 6 gals. (11/2 gals to replace some given to native party on road). Spinifex starts, emus with 18"chicks, striped.

Cosmo Newberry Clyde Cotteril, Sam Mollenbank who we met at Warbo last year. First dune, Black boys. Met Dick Hawthorn[?] on the road. Had a long and worthwhile talk with him. He says that he has found fossil wood in a hill near Yowalga no. 2 of Hunt Oil [sketch of location] Rawlinna road and good [scenery] entry vicinity of Fetherstonhaugh hill. Photographed Sturt Pea on roadside [C3701-4]. Fill up with fuel Minnie Creek, [Kangaroo Tree] Stopped & had look at  15.00 hrs, drove on at 15.45 ; Yamarna Homestead 17.00, left at dusk to look for breakaway with pebbles, drove down fence line & then along track but unable to find it in dark. Drove back to track and camped. CAMP. Drove back to fenceline. Up fence line to gate on homestead road. Yamarna homestead. Dined with Kevin & Anne, Jim [Ewings] (?) (brother), Johnathan (Wangui), Stephen, Mary and David. Back at fence, turn off. Cast around at back of fuel stut post. Find track, follow along it until turn in 60* at breakaways. Back in track being driven a bearing of approx 2408. Back at fence. Drove back to camp and picked up vehicles and drove on to the Bembergs & made permanent camp. Turned in soon after 11.00 pm, a clear night, bright full moon, slight breeze from the south, nip in air.

> 21 July (Friday)
Did not wake until 0700, a lovely morning (?). Sched at 7.30 hrs. Telegrams.
1.TERRELL CARE MUSEUM PERTH
ARRIVED YAMARNA ANY MAIL CAN BE SENT CARE COSMO NEWBERRY COLLECTION ABOUT ONE WEEK. RIDE.
2. RIDE PHONE 862242 PERTH
ARRIVED YAMARNA GOOD TRIP ANY MAIL CAN BE SENT CARE COSMO NEWBERRY ABOUT ONE WEEK LOVE DRE.

Spent morning clearing out the mobile clad9/0 and setting it up for work. Also had a good wash and clean up, and sorted out kit. Now ready for work.

Athol said that he had hit a bat the other night (11th) just before we saw him 84 miles s. of Leonora. We had looked for it but without luck - when we were cleaning up today we find it caught in the bracing struts of his driving mirror: male Nyctophilus geoffroyi forearm 33.1 mm, ears 20, noseleaf fairly well defined. By the time we found it, it had just started to slip and one came off during our efforts to disentangle it from the driving mirror. We discussed the naming of the specs of this trip and Athol pointed out that since the information would be used by me it would be better to have all the data in my books so we have decided to give all W.R. nos. The bat becomes [WR129/N. geoffroyi male], approx 84 miles south of Leonora on Menzies/Leonora Rd. collected A.M.D. 19th July1967.

Bob Savage back. He had collected a couple of small [gelyra?], together under a stone in a rocky outcrop. Unfortunately, he has come to the conclusion that the breakaway is largely Precambrian - that the lawn beds are decomposed schists and that only the upper beds above the conglomerate (which becomes the local conglomerate of the crossbedded sandstones overlying it) are sediments. Further, he says that they have the look of marine beds. This interpretation probably means that the upper sediments are almost certainly Permian and don't class as Tertiary here at all.  We also checked on the connecting like objects which Basil [Bilne?] might be Hakea (from the only specimen he brought back last time). These are certainly connections for the decomposed schists. [Sketch of geological layers]. The local conglomerate chips so that it is easy to gain the impression that it is laterally[?] equivalent to the siltstones. The schists are also so decomposed that in places these look very much like amorphous sandstones.

Location of breakaway 1 camp is approx 155508 (4 n. NW of Tobin Hill)

About 1/2 to 3/4 mile to the south is a small isolated breakaway there are dendritic(?)root marks across the surface of the siltstones, collected a few. Athol set out the traps - I helped him with the search 30. i.e. 60 shenas altogether. I set along the line of the hills. The other atriths i.e. approx west. Kevin & Johnathan came in for a few minutes.

> 22 July (Saturday)1967
Up at 06:45 a beautiful day with a keen wind. No luck with traps. 
07:30 Sched. No call for no.

Left camp at 08:55 to drive back to Fandine[?] by Ron King's[?] road he showed us last night then on to Turkey Hill by the Lake Yeo Road. Hit a new road going north, turned left (i e south)way towards Yamarna Homestead. Fence line with gate. Turned south towards Yeo Lake road. Yeo Lake road at gate in Kevin's Fence, turned E by NE. Road goes off northward - presumably to Dorothy Hills. Collected Grevillea [C3705-6]& photographed it c 10ft tall. Very beautiful country, well watered with lush vegetation banded on sides with sandhills. Tracks everywhere, water alongside road at 94.9. Red kangaroo seen, emu seen with chick tracks, camel pads, fox, very small animals including one which is about rabbit sized ? bandicoot but it did not have the big hind foot (can it possibly be Chaerops) This would be a wonderful place to leave Athol for a few days. It appears to be the valley of the creek which is marked on the map as running WNW for a small lake between Dinges Table Hill and Mallee Hen Point, map ref.squ 1750. Point Sunday. Heavily lateritized sandstones probably Permian.

Collected artifacts from foot of diecling[?] : cherts, quartzite, some little vein quartz. Y junction[?] in track opposite Stony Point, took left fork of junction up to Point, right fork probably goes on towards Turkey Hill, will try this later. Drove up to Stony Point. This is where the chert and quartzite comes from. Climbed up to trig point on top E.W.3.

Awest Resealings[?] on Eastern End ie Bluff Point (209510) 158*. These centre a line round to a low couple of hills between 98* & 108* (ie Turkey Hill) then on the far horizon some 20 miles or more away there are lots of big breakaways. 1. Between 97*-85* possibly Yeo Hills 2. Between 66*-56* these letters are probably 30-40 miles away, Probably Wilkinson Range. Reached Bluff Point just driving on a bearing for Stony Point. Massive sandstones, some silicified, lateritized[?] in top, v. big breakaway. We crossed the road to get to it at 42:20 [C2707]  Had luck, photographed Bluff Point with back to Stony Point. Climbed to top to get bearings and look at sediments.[C3708] Took photo from top looking North towards Stony Point. [Sketch of Bluff Point showing massive sandstones, coarse conglomerate sandstone, chert]. Walked around the point to the West, numerous dog tracks everywhere, must be pupping in among the tumbled boulders. Took photo of typical habitat [C3709]. 42:24 back at road where it descends to go to Stony Point. 42:47 Back at Water. Photo of cockatiels at tree above water [C3710].

> 23rd July 1967 (Sunday).
Spent morning up to 10.15 cleaning up doing washing cleaning up the kitchen equipment etc. Listened to Sunday Sched at 08.00. Several rain of between 20 & 50 pts around to the west and south of us Laverton had 20 pts. Drove over to the homestead for morning tea and then up to Minnie Creek north of the old homestead. Still water in the creek. Bob Savage agrees with my conclusions e the relationships of the beds here with schist overlain by noden[? murchison[?]-grit-like sediments. These are  partly windblown, partly flurintile[?] & partly just debris from the slopes above the creek. Walked out one mile - no fossils. Drove on up to the place where there is water in the creek and decided to lunch[?]. Leave Athol to set mistnets and cage types and to look for morabines for Michael White. Set off with Bob to drive over to Thatcher Soak to check the Virginia Range.

Tack[?] junction north of Thatcher's, turned North. Diorite hills, turned back to Thatcher, reached Thatchers. Country round about all terribly cut up by cattle. Creek bank being broken down. They certainly make an awful mess of country, about 1 doz head visible. turned come i e back to old Yamarna to pick up Athol. Picked up Athol at old Jamarna and drove up to check his mistnets. Found that Athol had set the nets too early in the day and had lost one sin[?] a brown hawk had hit it. How silly.

Replaced it with my net and drove back to camp. Dropped into Yamarna to ask if they intended to come in to look at the Sminthopsis which Athol had got in his traps that morning. They said that they would come in about 8. At camp : Kevin and Jim Ewings dropped in for a talk. Talked about many things including what is happening out at Warbo in respect of Western Mining and the native leaseholders.
Sminthopsis does not look too good, very cold and shocked. Drove up to nets to see if anything in them, covered up nets - nothing. back at camp turned in 23:00 hrs.

Sminthopsis larapinta [W.R. 130] male with unusually large testes, collected in Sherman trap on Universal bait. Rocky pavement on top of breakaway. Mulga sand night 22/23 July. Kept alive for photography. Collected A.M.D. Died night 25/26, Skin & skull gruswt[?] carcass.
!Mite collected , fem specimen preserved in alcohol. [Detailed physical description of Sminthopsis].

> 24th July 1967 (Monday)
Up before dawn and off to Minnie Creek to pick up the mistnets and cage traps (3) set by Athol yesterday. No luck. Back at camp in time to set up for Sched. No calls for us.[WR 131] Athol got a M. musculus f., (physical description) preserved in formalin.

Picked up and worked out our loads v. satisfactory so far. Will go up to the Yamarna homestead to say good-bye to Kevin & Anne & make arrangements for mail. Left camp at breakaway. Minnie Creek turn off. Filled up both vehicles, took 1 complete 44 gal drum, left 2 full. Took Kynoo tree on way through one old capsule [C3711,2]. 169.5 miles to Galimba[?] from my last diary & 55 or 60 to Lake Throssell. Stopped for 15.45 Sched but not on the traffic list, had "lunch" at 15.55 ! Tracks marked on map not visible. Eurothuna Rock hole "breakaway" crossing the road, actually two laterite hills. Euro - dark red - running up into low quartzite hill. This is the hill of the Beegull Waterholes [Peagull?]. Very inconspicuous track on left of road, breakaway marked at approx 76.0 not visible from road. Crossing outliers of lake bed, thick saltbush flats. Country scarcely resembles the dreadful grey wastes of last summer's heat. Rounded hill to come into side of lake with the exposures of soft porous white "earth". Camped for night & listened to Elizabeth Schwartzkopf singing Schubert and Schumann safe tring in

> 25 July 1967 (Tuesday)
A beautiful morning Sched at 7.30. Telegram from Margaret RIDE 8WNX
MAY WE HAVE MANY MORE HAPPY ANNIVERSARIES LOVE MARGARET.
sent RIDE PHONE 862242 PERTH AT LAKE THROSSELL MOVING LAKE BAKER TODAY STOP REMEMBERING ANNIVERSARY MUCH LOVE DEE

Charlie tells us that there is a Sydney University Party wdn SMITH-WHITE which left Kalgoorlie yesterday for Warbos and Alice Springs. call-sign 8 NOVEMBER MIKE FOXTROT.

Heard Alex George, Herbarium call for some 120 miles S of Sandy Junction. He will call in again at 8.00 tomorrow. He is finding going tough but expects to be there in a couple of days and will then go over to Port Hedland.08.00 Smith-White reports position 60 miles N of Kalgoorlie, will report position to Charlie every couple of days.

4 youths escaped from custody at Madura 03.00 hrs and stole parts for another vehicle & set off coshends[?], Norseman police alerted.

8WHISKY ZULU ZULU Rod called asking whether we were going through, will find out where Widgilend (?) is. [C3713] photographed cap. Athol in Cap. Athol shot a white-breasted swallow & made a skin also pinned insects. Bob & I walked out the lake shore and also some small dunes out in the lake. Everything is gypsum, crystalline, fibrous or just plain amorphous where it has weathered up. This is the "diatomaceous earth" of my earlier notes of the last trip. Left for last Sched. Aerial Signpost no 12 photograph of Swage photopysly[?] it.[C3714]44.99. At bend in road just after end of lake turned back along old road towards breakaway visible to North. Will try to reach the breakaway about 5 miles away on the oute [?] shore of the lake. Followed road around but it just joined the new road where it crosses the lake - obviously not the right one. Back to start again. Start afresh North east along old road this time to see if we can hit junction. No luck, back to start point again. Start again, leave track on bearing slightly north of west. Arrived at hill on side of lake. No breakaway but covered with loose scree of solidified fine sandstone (quartzite) and topped by the remains of a quartz conglomerate. Over the other side of it (i.e. West) about 1/3 of the way down there is bedded sandstones which, in their upper levels, have cleaved across thin bedding planes - presumably this is the mapped Proterozoic and the quartzites and conglomerate, the Permian. V. much like the Bluff Point at Stoney Point junction. 13.25 hrs turned back to lab. & trailer on road.

Back at road, had lunch, left for Galinda at 14.40.

Road looks beautiful - Mulga coloured, spinifex in bloom, wildflowers numerous, budgies and other birds everywhere. Cue onto Yowalga Map Sheet. Dunes. Yowalga Rockhole on left, looks as though it has fallen in, probably u.s., did not stop.

> 27th parallel (Hunt Oil) road goes off on the right. Blew tyre. Difficult to understand, travelling slowly over corrugations at about 40 mph it suddenly went. Bob driving at the time. When we got it off we found that the tyre - a brand new Michelin had split along its inner wall from the tread right round the shoulder almost to the rim. This is serious because we now have only a single spare for the Landrover. Cannot understand what could have done it. Only possibility seems to be that it might have received a slight cut when we drove across the scree slopes of the hill to the north of L. Throssell which weakened it & the corrugations caused it to split. Replaced tyre. Ran out of petrol, filled with 1 jerrycan : we have done 177.2 on full tank. Started - killed Boobook owl with Kangaroo guard. Arrived Gahmra Rockhole. Cold night. Turned in early. The Rockhole is v. low, country round covered with bird droppings, full of feathers and green. Obviously highly nitrogenous & phosphatic. Decided not to net it.

> 26 July 1967 (Wednesday)
Temp fell to 31.5* F - 35* at dawn, lovely dawn. Sched at 0715 with Dick Huotham[?] 8 R.B. He is going through to Leonora leaving tomorrow and will be back on Monday. He can pick up a tyre for us. He has plenty of fuel & oil for us. The road to Rawlinna is not used much. He could pick up our mail from our chums at Garuda. Also spoke to Claude Cotteril 8 L.R. to ask him to put mail to us with Smith-White. He said that he would do this and give it to Charlie Prideaux who is also coming through.

Kevin Ewings also came through 8 W.W.T. He simply said that he was OK & hoped that we had had a good trip. I thanked him for his help to us.
0730 Sched to V.J.Q., we were on the traffic list : telegram for Terrell :
ALEX SUGGESTS ARCHER JOIN YOU KALGOORLIE 18TH AUGUST AS NO ROOM ABROLHOS TRIP STOP R.J.TERRELL.

Some confusion because this telegram was not addressed properly but to 8WDX FLYING DR KALGOORLIE. I got a polite rocket from JOHN (Charlie's deputy). Sent memo to Smith-White to ask him to come up on Sched at 0700 hrs tomorrow. Sent telegram to Terrell.
TERRELL CARE MUSEUM PERTH.
URGENT SEND LANDROVER MICHELIN TYRE AND TUBE IMMEDIATELY TO HAWTHORN OF WARBURTON MISSION AT LEONORA STOP NOW WORKING LAKE BAKER STOP WILL REPLY RE ARCHER LATER STOP OUR ADDRESS IS ADRESSEE PORTABLE 8ONX KALGOORLIE. RIDE.

Heard Michael Ridpath on 8WUN asking Harry Frith to bring him three loaves of bread from Canberra !!!

Very few birds are into windhole, seems to be other water in the area. Packed up & left at 11.15fter a v. difficult search for the radiator cap of the International which Athol had misplaced - no luck.

Filled up jerricans leaving 2 in the tanks i e 2 jerricans from empty tank at miles 2619.6, we will now check possible distance across country per jerrican. Athol filled up both tanks (his mileage 21090.8) he will now run on int tank till empty. Bag-on-stake on road marking distance onto cat[?]-line on 128*, turned left onto 47*, turn right at bag-on-stake into 126*, turn right at bag-on-stake into 165*. Took 3 photos of vehicles in spinifex[C3715-7]. Surveyors peg. Then into bearing of 94*, over dip to Campsite. Drove down to Sharpe's Bluff exposure to have a look with Bob. As I thought, the wood comes from a horizon immediately below the coarse sandstone which overlies the shales and cherts. It is much altered and little structure remains - could be a silicified and much altered lignite. Bob also looked and identified an evaprte[?] down below the shales which is causing them to break up in places. It is exposed as a messy looking morplans[?] deposit in a bit of a saddle to the south of the first bluff. He is of the opinion that the deposit is a shallering[?] marine deposit. He also found a horigin[?] which he identifies as a decomposed glauconite [?]. If so it certifies the identification. Back to Camp. Turn in at 21.00 v. tired.

> 27 July (Thursday)
A good night, v. windy, approx 30 last days fell to 46* a lovely dawn temp 48*. Up for Sched with Smith-White 8NMF. Got through well and arranged to meet them at either the turn-off or at Galinda at 1400hrs. VSQ came up and asked if I had got through to Smith-White or not. I told him that I had and that I had been trying to raise 8 Roneo Bravo to tell Dick that the Sydney party would not be there until tomorrow (instead of today) so Prof Cardin[?] who is coming to Warbo via Gunbarrel could be informed. John agreed to pass the message.

John also gave me a telegram RIDE 8 WNX 24 wds. Perth 4.5 pm 26 July

TYRE AND TUBES DESPATCHED RAIL VIA KALGOORLIE 26TH TOMORROWS TRAIN LEONORA STOP CLEVERLEY. WILL ENSURE TRANSHIPMENT KALGOORLIE : BOB.

I asked John to pass this information on to Dick Hawthorn so that he can pick it up in Leonora. 0730 Sched. John passed all messages through to Dick Hooton[?]. Reception poor and I passed messages for (a) Alex George[?] Agriculture that he is 50 miles W. of Sandy Blight Junction and said he would be working Port Hedland as for this Sched (b) CSIRO soils party PWYV. 90 miles W. of Sandy Blight Junction proceeding next to Jupiter Well. Sitrep only.

Bearings for camp. 108* First Bluff, 107* Second Bluff, 98* Third Bluff.
Walked over to Sharpe's Bluff exposures and moved along them around the first, second, and 3rd Bluffs. Collected 2 polypods[?], 1 from float and the other from the shale bed immediately below the sandstone. V. poor condition. Walked across valley. Creek bottom with good exposures of "muchism cement" and shales outcropping in places. Collected artifacts in floor of valley. Bluffs on West side of valley. disappointing, great thickness of laterite from top to bottom, seems to be wholly lateritised. Walked back to camp arriving at 13.30. Drove straight over to the road. left 648.7.

1st turn 52.0 (length of strait 2.3 m.), 2nd turn 53.4 (length of strait 1.4 m.), 3rd turn 58.6 (5.2), last turn 60.6 (2.0), at road (estimate) 63.5 (3) Back at camp being picked up Spencer Smith-White and two collectors John Thompson and Jim McKay. They have a large Bedford 2 tonner, 2 wheel drive and double rear wheels. Bunks and lab inside. They got it as far as the lip of the valley o.k.

We dug out an Antstick "nest"from the Sharpe's Bluff breakaway. must be the work of an animal - consists of a mass of grass "bedding" then sticks and stones cemented with antact[?] piled over it, whole pile then covered with a loose pile of stones about 2" square mixed in with twigs and bits of wood. Small faeces about rat-sized in the pile but no really visible chambers. However, the rock behind the pile is honeycombed with fissures and holes which could provide entrances.

Set 60 shenans with Athol and 3 large traps, set 30 down in the valley in a line E-W (lots of 10 in varied locations). Set the 30 up on the lip both on top of, and beneath, the breakaways. Very strong wind and very cold. Spent rest of evening trying to open the skull of WR130 S. larapinta. This is a young male, not quite fully up, it fell to bits when Athol was prepping it, repaired it as well as possible under microscope lent by Smith-White, used P.V.A. Cloud coming up from west, looks like we are in for weather.

> 28 July 1967 (Friday)
A wet night, somewhere about 10 points fell & very cold and bitter wind from the WNW min.42*F : 44* at dawn. Spoke to Claude Cottril who says that there is mail for us at the mission. He will arrange for Charlie to pick it up and bring it out. He asked me something about a truck and I told him that the Smith-White party had reached us yesterday. Spoke to Kevin, wished him a good trip back to Ricks[?], they had had about 30 points.

Told Dick Woodly[?] that I had Smith-White with me and that Cardin[?] was coming down the Gunbarrel with a Landrover & no wireless. Asked him to hold Cardin[?] if he arrived before Smith-White would be with them today fairly early. Sched 0730: Spoke to Charlie and asked him to give me a burst at 0715 on Monday morning to let me know position so that we pick up mail. If he hears notes he will leave it on the drums[?].

Claude Cotteril came up and passed his grey auto truck through VSQ. It was , had we seen the Foden Truck which they use to carry stuff between Warbo & Cosmo. It turns out that Smith-White had seen it about 100m. W of Galinda. I passed the information over.

Will spend the day walking down the creek to the lake.

Athol got a Leggadina hermannsburgensis, fem., in a trap down in the valley. [WR132] [measurements], Taken on flat in grass near dry creek bed below Sharpes Bluff. Set off at 10.10, walked down to creek near camp - creek marked by Eucalyptus ? camaldulensis the situation seems to be pretty well uniform throughout the lake i.e.[ Sketch]

No fossils at all. Walked until 1400 hrs. Broke for lunch and then started back. Climbed isolated breakaway on southern side of valley, on way back found Hunt Oil cut line. Took bearing, cut line to lake 217*, white post where we walked along it towards Saenlenojs [?] ; left outline[?] tears[?] 277* to the 2nd Bluff which is probably Sharpes Bluff (the back bearing of this bluff to camp is 98*). This should now be straight in line with camp. Walked in test bearing and had to connect a bit to the north and arrived back at camp at 16.15 hrs after walking for 6 hrs with a 15 minute break. Collected one Amphibolurus in bed of creek in a burrow under a tussock. Also collected a Myrmecia desertorum for Athol.

Athol had loaded water and we had a good wash. Athol came in as he had moved all the 30 shermans near camp down into the Rowe Hills before the lip of the Sharpe's Bluff valley. He also set 19 break backs. A. checked traps before turning in. 1 Leggadina hermannsburgensis, male, in breakback [WR133].

> 29 July 1967 (Saturday)
[Description of [WR122] Leggadina hermannsburgensis]
A very cold night 26*F - fortunately no wind, 32* at dawn. Athol had great success with the breakbacks : 2 Leggadina and 2 Mus musculus, in live traps down in valley, 1 Leggadina + 5 mus musculus.

Left camp 4677.4 to try to find the way into the cutline. Drove behind the breakaways in a bearing of approx 130*. 4680.7 found cutline in valley on bearing of approx 213*. Left Athol alongside breakaways with good news & continued on down cutline. 4681 back at post we left yesterday when we left the cutline to go back to camp. At creek. Another mallee creek ane[?] eucalypts below the iwring[?] [C37 18/19] photos of savannah woodland. Diffuse[?] creek. Rubble outcrops[?] looking like dune runs across it in T junction bearing 298*. Run along tin[?] dunes caught Amphibolurus in flat before dune. Caught ? Egenia in spinifex in dune.Some difficulty in dunes. Got to lake at 4688.0. Went down to lake to have a look at expanse of a grey material underlying the dunes on the far side of a little bay. These are evaporates with layers of potch opal among them.

Walked along the top southwards and, to my surprise, found myself looking at a large australite - then found three more in quick succession. Two of the four are large "standard" shapes and one of them elongated & pinched in at one end. These were all found in the scattered debris along the top of the first ledge above the lake surface - but shortly after I found another (no. 5) halfway up the backing dune. It is clear that they are reaching out of the dune and are drifting down into the ledge above the lake. Took photos /b&w/ of each of the five in situ as found and also a general colour shot to give lay-out [C3720]. Bob then concentrated on the australites and found a good patch for small ones. Between us we found 14 more - a good haul for one day. One is very small button with a nearly complete flange. The two biggest weighed  No. 1 14 1/2 g. No. 2 13 1/2 g.

North of the evaporates the exposures are made of fresh-water limestone. It looks as though there may be several cycles of events[?] here and all below the australite fall. The iron stone pisolites seem also to belong in the upper sands - but you would not expect to find them in the evaporites at [?]

Due to various holds up left the lake rather late, had trouble at a largish dune. When all this was over the sun had set and we had a difficult journey going back along the cut-line in the poor light. Thank goodness we had removed all the major dead branches, trees and stakes on the way in. When we turned off the cutline to go through the mulga to the camp it had got dark and Bob had to walk in front to keep in the tracks. When we got out into the spinifex it was o.k. but we had one very nasty moment when I all but chopped the vehicle into a gully some five feet deep.

Back to camp to find Athol just back himself after a walk back from the caves. He had no luck at all. The caves empty and only one Amphibolus to show for his day's work. Spent evening entering up work and photographing Leggadina caught today in live trap (b&w). very cold 46* at 2100hrs. will sleep in back of lab. tonight - later- find bed won't fit so will sleep out after all ! Specs collected that morning (ie 29th) measured next & fixed after fig. one: WR 134, WR135 ---- WR136, WR137  Leggadina ---  WR 143 See 21/7/67 for this list.

> 30th July (SUNDAY)
Slept late up at 6.30 a lovely morning, was warm in bed, night temp 30*f.
Athol had a field day. 1 Leggadina alive, 6 Leggadina dead, 1 Notomys alexis ? dead, 3 mus musculus( 1 dead,  2  alive). Unfortunately, Athol does not have the sunflower seeds forgotten at the last moment will send following telegram at Sched 0900

RIDE PHONE 86 2242 PERTH PLEASE ASK BOB SEND TWO PACKETS SUNFLOWER SEEDS SOONEST CARE WARBURTON MISSION CHARTER PLANE WESTERN MINING GOES WEDNESDAYS STOP NOTOMYS ABUNDANT STOP ASK JOHN KEEP MULLEWA SPECIMENS ALIVE IF POSSIBLE FOR COMPARISON STOP HOPE ALL HAS GONE WELL WITH PENNY STOP HOW ARE TICKET SALES GOING STOP STILL WORKING LAKE BAKER MUCH LOVE ALL . DEE. 

Memo for Smith-White. They met up with Carolis and Warbo and we about 70m. east. They will not go to Lake Molloy and Carolin did not come over the Gunbarrel. John tells me that Harry Butler is somewhere near Shell Lakes on the Nullarbor andthat he has a wireless 8WHISKY FOXTROT SIERRA
 
   [WR144] Notomys,
  [WR145] Notomys
  [WR146] Notomys
  [WR147] Mus musculus
  [WR148] Mus musculus
  [WR149] Mus musculus
  [WR150] Leggadina hermansbergensis
  [WR151] Leggadina hermansbergensis
  [WR152] Leggadina hermansbergensis
  [WR153]Leggadina hermansbergensis
  [WR154] Leggadina hermansbergensis
  [WR155] Leggadina hermansbergensis
  [WR156] Leggadina hermansbergensis

Drove down to Lake Baker, climbed up a tall dune close to the lake and took bearings on various parts of the lake. No doubt that our position is possible 405676. We then went SE across to the lake shore and walked around the paeaile[?] to the vehicle which is just short of creek 403678. No worthwhile equeres[?]. Collected 3 small australites including a "pulled toffee" (the largest) in a small claypan on the eastern side of the dune which gave the large collection yesterday. Went back to the Australite site at 404677 collected another 9[?]. They are very concentrated at this locality - each time one is found it can be attributed to the outlast[?] from the single dune.
Walked out exposures up the creek. There seem to be three fucies[?]

    (i) The gypsum evaporites - sometimes very silicificed
   (ii) a grey freshwater limestone
  (iii) A reddish brown calcareous mud (much less CaCo2) with root tubes very much like the "locus" of the Ederga.

No fossils visible in any of them. Drove back leaving 16.15 and arrived back at camp just as the light went. Notomys. Their tails have a constriction at the base which would be split if the tail is to be got right. Spent the night reading and weighing mice collected earlier. Wrote letters to M.Bob Tenell, Lyn, Barry Wilson asking for maps to cover the proposed journey southwards to Rawlinna and also for more tie-on labels. Cold - windy. To bed at 10.30.

> 31 July 1967 (Monday)
A heavy dew. Night not so cold in the end 36*F. The wind dropped. Slight low cloud and ground mist in the valley. Sched with Charlie on 8 WHISKY GOLF DELTA. He should be at Galimba around lunch time & will leave me mail. VJQ very poor. They could not get their set tuned and had to go over to a battery set. Reception not good.

[Detailed descriptions of animals collected :]
  [WR157] Notomys,(collected in breakback, spinifex plain near Sharpe's Bluff, Coll. A.M.D.         [WR158] Mus musculus (brown bellied form), near Sharpe's Bluff, Coll. A.M.D. 
  [WR159] Mus musculus (pale bellied form), vicinity of Sharpe's Bluff, Coll. A.M.D.
  [WR160] Leggadina hermansbergensis, vicinity of Sharpe's Bluff, coll. A.M.D.
  [WR161] Leggadina hermansbergensis, vicinity of Sharpe's Bluff, Coll. A.M.D.
  [WR162] Leggadina hermansbergensis, vicinity of Sharpe's Bliff, Coll. A.M.D.
  [WR163] Mus musculus (pale bellied) area Sharpe's Bluff. AMD 31/7/67
  [WR164] Leggadina hermansbergensis , vicinity  of Sharpe's Bluff, Coll. A.M.D.
  [WR165] Mus musculus (pale bellied), breakback in spinifex plain near Sharpe's Bluff. Coll. A.M.D
  [WR166] Mus musculus (dark bellied), in creek at base of Sharpe's Bluff, Coll. A.M.D.
  [WR167] Mus musculus (dark bellied), vicinity of Sharpe's Bluff, Coll. A.M.D.
  [WR168] Mus musculus (dark bellied), vicinity of Sharpe's Bluff. Coll. A.M.D.
  [WR169] Mus musculus (dark bellied), vicinity of Sharpe's Bluff. Coll. A.M.D.
  [WR170] Mus musculus (dark bellied), vicinity of Sharpe's Bluff. Coll. A.M.D.
  [WR171] Mus musculus (dark bellied), vicinity of Sharpe's Bluff. Coll. A.M.D.
  [WR172] Mus musculus (dark bellied) vicinity of Sharpe's Bluff, Coll. A.M.D.
  [WR173-177] Kept alive to send to Perth for Ella, among items are 2 pregnant females of Leggadina, the others seem to be 2 young males (one previously collected WR156). The other 176 is a spec. of Notomys. [WR178] Mus musculus (dark bellied), vicinity Sharpe's Bluff, Coll. A.M.D.
Measurements of specimens collected 29 July 1967, all collected A.M.D., vicinity Sharpe's Bluff:

  [WR134], [WR135] Mus musculus,
  [WR136] Leggadina hermansbergensis, male
  [WR137]Leggadina hermansbergensis, female
  [WR138] Mus musculus, female
  [WR139] Mus musculus
  [WR140] Mus musculus, male
  [WR141] Leggadina herrmansbergensis, m.
  [WR142] Mus musculus (white bellied form) 
  [WR143] Mus musculus (brown bellied form).

END OF LIST  OF SPECS COLLECTED 29/7/67.

Left camp to go to Galimba Rockhole. Arrived Galimba. Filled up tank which is now showing completely empty but not yet run out. Spent night ...ing .....[?].
To bed at 22.15.

Met Charlie : had lunch. Drove back to camp driving carefully & taking ...ings all the way to get an accurate plot of position of camp. [17 entries] up centre of valley....

Karonie, Coonana, Zanthus.

Kildana. Start of Kanandah fence to south[?]. Lime kilns. Got in touch with Ruth at 3.30 and they collected a lot of small lizards and some snakes, all under bit of wood - more under tin.

Drove in the Kandandah. Ruth and Eric all at home, Susie inepiasible as ever. Ruth and Eric well, delighted to see them. They have had a very poor season. Carrying about 30,000 from the 40 ooo of two years ago. An excellent wool clip last year but only 3 inches so far.
Had a most pleasant evening to bed at 9.30, a very cold night. How nice to have a good bed.

Told Eric about the Wedgetail sitting on the fence post about 10 ft. from four half-grown lambs which were watching it (it was measuring dinner[?]) - we drove over and it flew off & as it did so the lambs moved forward in concert. Eric tells of an Eagle he watched in Qld. which struck a half-grown roo but he was too slow as the on the ground so he made repeated air strikes tumbling[?] over the swinging[?] kangaroo each time until he killed it.

> 18th August 1970 (Tuesday)
Kanandah, put in 12 gals.
Trainline, stopped at gate & collected Gymnodactylus milii under sleeper.
Sleeper, collected Heteronotia binoei and Mus musculus underneath.
Rawlinna.

Abandoned camp. Collected under sleepers and rocks H. binoei, and a small Asleplous[?] elegans. This was the place where Butler previously collected S. murina under sleepers. Fantastically unlikely for murina ! Took photos [C6524, 5]. Trachysaurus rugosus on track. Very rugose like a pine cone. Collected.

Haig. Stopped for lunch in a little patch of Casuarina. Very pleasant in the sun. Wind died a bit and no longer bitterly cold. Photographed Gymnodactylus [C6626,7] and also the Trans train which came through while we were lunching [C6628]. All people sitting in the Diner. We were probably more comfortable than they - at any rate would not have swapped !

Nurina. Stopped to turn over sleepers, collected a couple of geckoes Phyllodactylus (laminated toes, bifid pad, claw on each digit - Gelya has non bifid pad & no claw on inner digit - Butler's diagnostics), Heteronotia binoei.

Road very rough indeed milage scarcely 20 mph much of the time.

Loongana. Very slow progress. Decided to camp for the night before the light goes. Camped in a little clump of  "dead finish" Acacia (? aphylla) and desert willows Pittosporum (will collect seed).

Collected wolf spiders, running on the ground. Some salt and blue bush, Temp. 53*F.

> 19th August 1970 (Wednesday)
Camped 9.3 E. of Loongana. A good night, fairly warm, cloud coming up, wind shifted fr. N into due West. Off at 0810.
Butler found a small Ablepharus butleri under a stone. Collected a bag of seeds of native willow Pittosporum which I must try to grow.
Mundrabilla Siding. Small sprinkle of rain at intervals but little risk of it developing.
Stopped at a donga to photograph an Acacia [C6629] collected a few of the very scarce and small puffball flowers. Phyllodes and twisted..
Forrest. Posted letters to M & Jim. Crossed to south of track, stopped at Gurney [?] near Reid for lunch - looked for fossils in fissure fils[?] nothing.
Reid. Track comes off for airfield. Collected Tympanocryptus running , went under a stone.
XD140 Benchmart, Lands & Surveys WA.

Harry's diagram of cave. The cave has a compacted earth floor & scraps of bone, easy to get into. No evidence of H. sap. but flakes collected on surface within 1 mile of cave. Worth excavation someday.

Investigated cave alongside road (to east). Harry collected bones of Perameles, Leporillus, Dasycereas, a small macropod, 2 small Drymidae, Notys?, Pseudemys. Collected Trapdoor spider, no door on brow but copious silk sleeve. Unfortunately burro between stues & destroyed in excavating it. Collected land shells 3spp.& slater.
Bad mark XD155.

Camped among myalls to the west of the track. Collected Huntsman spider T50F, 3/4 moon on the wane. Turned in at 10.00 pm. Few meals around. Saw a couple of rabbits along the trans line & two foxes. Country very poor. Salt and bluebush in reasonable condition but grass all black & grey. No water anywhere. Red kangaroo & ten greys as we entered the myall zone at 87.9.

> 20th August (Thursday)
Camped in myall, a good night. Cold morning west gone road to N.W. Off at 8.10, only 140 m. yesterday, must make Ceduna tonight. Eucla. Put in 15 3/4 gals super, gauge showing empty, 302.2 m. since Kanandah average 18.8 mpg.
S.A. / W.A. border mallee & saltbush. Wombat holes on Nullarbor Stn. in saltbush, took some photos and collected land snails and a wombat palate & teeth. The holes are common between mileposts 28 and 26 to Nullarbor Homestead.
Nullarbor Homestead turnoff, collected bobtail on road just past the turnoff. Myall comes in again after a stretch of the plain which started before the wombat holes (although there was scattered Myall there).
Ivy Tanks.
Start of the Yalata reserve: Bluebush, Eucalypts (woolly butts) and myall. First wheat starts after cleared grazing in open myall and eucalypt "parkland" for some miles.
Fuel pump at Nindroo, Fowlers Bay turn off.
Wolf spider in hole under stone in a small roadside "reserve". Collected.
Penong fuel 15 gals average 18.6 mpg. Ceduna X road.

Stayed in Poochera to phone in. All well at home. Seds a bit off colour but Jim's operation seems to be successful. Dark 8.15 and cold.

Turnoff main road at Minnipa to go south to find camp in the dark. Find a place behind a small belt of trees and off the road. After meal wrote decisions in cases for International Commission until about 11.00 pm, to bed, cold & windy. Harry got some spiders.

> 21st  August (Friday)
Camped 5 miles south of Minnipa in a small clump of eucalypts at a bend in the road among paddocks of wheat. A nice morning. Alice Springs sched starts at 8.00 on 5410, can hear perfectly well, off at 0840.
Back on Eyre Highway, Kimba 18 1/4 gals.

Drove on to Port Augusta across country which at first was mallee rather like Lake Grace but soon became less strong and then changed to myall, sheoak, bluebush/saltbush. Finally coming up to the Middleback Range before Iron Knob to the south of Lake Giles the country might virtually be a cross between the flats between the Wooramel and Brown Range of the Nullarbor. come through the Middleback Range the country gets even worse until Port Augusta reached.

Port Augusta left Hwy with vehicle after lunch to get 4000 miles service done & roofrack welded where it had fractured. Went to the Public Library where the girls let me wash before handling books ! I then worked on Commission business and got it posted.

Drove out into the Flinders Ranges to Quorn and camped on a tributary of Willochra Creek just north of Gordon [Kanyaka Creek 6m. S. of Wilson]

Camped in rain. Got the fly up - leaks ! Bats flying low and very fast. Spotlighted while Harry shot. He collected a Tadarida australis, male, wt:37gr, H & B 84 mm, T.V. 49mm, H.I 10 mm, E26mm, forearm 62 mm (wt & measurements taken by Butler). A beautiful chocolate brown with a well marked golden pouch with raised globular rim (bone) and with two dense clusters of marvellous rich brown chocolate hair which, when wanted for the pouch stood up like two dense bristly fans. Photographed pouch b&w. A male trapdoor walked into the tent & onto Harry's leg ! Collected. T.52* a very fine wolf spider about in the rain.

> 22nd August (Saturday)
Rained hard all night. Was awakened about 03.30 and did not sleep much after that. Fly leaks and water splashing in my face.Sound of running water gave me some concern that we would have difficulty in getting up the bank out of this valley - but looked better in daylight! Still raining , but much more lightly during breakfast, which was leisurely. Harry collected a Pardelote.
Rail coming at Wilson [Halt]

Hawker[?]. Still raining but asked a bus driver who had just driven down the Wilpena Pound road what it was like. He said slippery but we would have no bother. Country very interesting. Callitris in hills rather like European hill scenery with firs. Triodia starts among the Callitris and bluebush eucalypts along the creeks looking like silver birch. Stopped at a flat with callitris and grass alongside the road at the foot of Rawnsley Bluff and opposite Moongarie Gap. Dry out spiders.[C6633].

Turned off into Wilpena Pound turnoff. The view is incredibly beautiful pastoral scenery. The Chalet is a privately owned property & camping area. Tents among the trees. Drove into the area and then walked up into the pound by the tourist track. A wonderful isolated woodland of tall eucalypts. Photographs [C6635-36]. Dry out 3 trapdoor spiders, more photos into the entrance of the Pound[C6701-2]. Stopped raining.
Back at main road.Through heavily-grazed hill country, Reds and Euros grazing, rabbits and fox.

Blinman, an isolated hill town. Drove down the road to Mt Mary and Parachilna. A  very beautiful and spectacular descent high hosting defiles. Rocky and dry[C6703]. Harry shot a rabbit. Saw several Euros. Down into the mud and desolate plains at the foot - to Parachilna 4002.6. Camped on Green Well Creek, collected spiders. Tadarida flying. V. cold.

> 23rd August (Sunday)
Camped in Greenwell Creek 7 miles N. of Parachilna. The creek's a rock strewn bed lined by quite tall rivergums and flowing along the top of a crest. Coming into it last night, up hill from Parachilna, I found it difficult to believe it was a creek at all.
An excellent night and lovely morning, clouds are still hanging around the Flinders and there is light cloud cover as a front passes over - but not enough to keep the sun off.

Country bare with low sand - looks badly eaten out. Breakfast-Time Creek is a lovely name in a dreadful area of eaten out country ; some of the most desolate I have seen.
Beltana - dreadful. Trying to make living on tourists in hopeless country.

Arrived at Leigh Creek township. An incredible place in such desolation. Sealed roads, brickbuilt houses, green trees and a little park with green lawns and wonderful flowering trees filled with birds.

Went to the police station (Sgt Marple & Const Cavanaugh) who say that the trees in park were Disto Lothian at the Adelaide Botanic Gardens. Wish that Bond had turned his energy to this sort of thing in W.A. Sgt Marple's boy is a keen fossil rock collector & hopes to be a geologist. Harry gaven him advice on Physics, Chemistry & Maths.

Drove back to Copley and fuel 14 1/2 gals - 15 mpg. Stopped for lunch in the bed of Leigh Creek. Dug out scorpions, Harry showed an excellent technique with water for folling tiosty burrows.

Went back to Leigh Creek and tried to phone Grant Inglis in Adelaide to find out why they had not turned up. No luck. Police advised checking with Johnny Akbar in Copley whether the Crusers were still out at Callabonna on Moolawatana stn. Went & checked and found out they were still there so decided to go back to Leigh Creek until 3.30 and then if they didn't want to go on out to Moolawatana to contact Michael Sheehan - manager. Did this and left message with Const. Cavanaugh to pass on to Grant. Tel from Briston : Collecting N.T. O.K. fuel Warburton O.K.

Leave Leigh Creek. Turn off at Copley on East. Passed Mt. Searl turnoff. This is incredibly desolate hill country almost completely bare of vegetation. [C6705] . Nepabunna Mission, houses in good condition, a school.   Wooltana H.S. in the plain at the N side of the range. country beautiful plains - quite good condition.

Camped in Arkaroola Crk. 6.4 m. N.E. of Wooltana H.S. Collected spiders T 54*F a nice (comparatively) warm evening. Pleasant sitting around the fire writing.

The general impression I get of this country is of incredibly desolate, thrashed saltbush country to the West of the Flinders Range which lies like a dividing rampart NpS through the country. he range itself has been destroyed by pastoral activity but is picturesque desolation with adits here & there. Very rough rather reminiscent of Nullagine and the Warraweena[?] series. And then over the other side, quiet plains in much better condition, apparently better watered, with good trees along numerous creeks feeding out of the range. Good grasses. Why do so many of the creeks on the other side (ie the West) seem to flow along the tops of ridges ?!

Telegram at Leigh Creek
"RIDE. COLLECTING; PERMIT APPROVED DARWIN COPY AVAILABLE ONCE NO REPLY YET ADELAIDE STOP FUEL OKAY WARBURTON NO REPLY GILES AM CABLING AGAIN REGARDS BANNUTER"

> 24th Aug. 1970 (Monday)
Camped at Arkaroola Creek. A beautiful night, windy in the middle of the night but woke to a still clear morning. Warm enough to sit comfortably in a pullover. Listened to Alice Springs sched, nothing for us, off at 0850. After leaving creek took 2 photos back at Creek & range [C6706] and Right ls of Range.[C6707]. Then stopped while Harry walked up a couple of quail thrushes of which he collected are - a very beautiful pale bird rising between little tussocks and small bushes, male.

[C6708] Creek and hills across gibber and sandy plain. N. Mulga (entrys). N. Mulga Homestead. Moolawatana H.S. a beautiful modern Homestead. The home paddock is full of bush but the rest is desolation. Met a young geologist and wife who were mapping the area. They told us where Tedford and party were working. We then met a truckdriver who also gave us a road map, v. useful in relation to mills and fences [see over]. Drove out to Tedford's camp and on the way were caught up by the rest of the party.
   Grant Inglis   S. A. Museum
   Paul Lawson  S.A. Museum
   Jim Warren  Monash
   Mike Plane  Bureau Of Mineral Resources
   Alan Bartholomai  Queensland Museum

We then followed Paul into the camp, a desolate wind-blasted spot. They have a caravan and two bedrooms[?] with open backs. They had left a note for us to come out to the lake so we had lunch and then drove out on their tracks to the lake. The site is fantastic. Skeletons outcropping on the surface into a ventenesd[?] zone of gypsum and sands below this a blue clay interbedded with thin sands and then going into sand at 2ft6 to 3 ft in most places. The skeletons are all in the grey clay except where deflation has brought them into the weathered zone. Took numerous photos, went for Side 4 ; where they were working to a place where Diprotodon trackings were visible on the surface. These arplute explicable as follows :
[Sketch] [blue clays] "bioturbation" (Tedford's name)

The deflation removes the less compact material and leaves the actual treads. Took photos. Aso took photos of giant bird remains as well as concentrations of clay[?] stones.Drove to Side 1 where Tedford demonstrated the sequence of beds which were Upper sands, Upper clay, with Emu[?], smaller birds, fish otalites, then an apparent disinfinity with the Diprotodon-bearing clays break down. The only aquatic animals in these lower beds are Coriellas. So Tedford believes that these were saline at the time of deposition. He also believes that the distortion of the skeleton is due to "bioturbation" - or simply animals walking on each other !
Sand blowing like hell - really a wretched place. They say that this is the worst day they have had.
Back to camp to an excellent dinner cooked by Paul Lawson.
After yarning with the party went out and collected spiders. Strong wind. T54*F.
Mudmap to site of camp on Woolatchi Creek.

> 25th Aug 1970 (Tuesday)
Camp on Woolatchi Creek, Lake Callabonna. Up at dawn after a very windy night, but slept v. well. drove to Homestead and filled with fuel.
Homestead. Took northwards road through Lyndhurst cb house. Incredibly desolate country here. All the bush and most of the larger shrubs have been killed leaving only Mitchell Grass as the staple. Mile Shean says that they have had no rain for 2 years and that he is down to 6,000 head from 12,000 - obviously that is too much.
Mt Fitton H.S.
Signpost "Talc Mine 3 miles" on turnoff to our right. Photo[C6801] of typical desolation.
Mt. Freeling H.S. An old camp with incredible stone corral and post & rail fence - photos :[C3802, 03] collected - few bib of worthwhile gear.
Farina. Incredible place - "On western plains where shade is not.." [C3804,5]

Maree [Marree ?] Fuel 171/2 gals to fill. Sent Telegram to Jim on his birthday, "Many happy returns of the day All going well Love Dad". Ran into Warren Bonython. Incredible place to meet one's friends ! He was going to look at a new National Park at Lake Eyre North.
On the Birdsville Track.

Clayton Bore. Camped by the bore stream. Collected a good series of spiders.  Saw in the water (a large black water spider) a few small greenish ones in bushes but not on the sand. T 56* F, Slight showers.

> 26th August 1970 (Wednesday)
Camped at Clayton Bore. Up before dawn. Harry started the day well by lamping into a Sminthopsis crassicaudata [WR218] as it had the misfortune to walk within the circle of lamplight - Incredible performance.
Hayes Hill where Dick researches[?] the contact between the Cretaceous Blanchewater Fn. and the Lower Testing Murnpeowie Fn. and the relation of  test to the "silicated Dricrest"[?] the feral crugent [?] at the place.
Sketch of silicated land forms e.g. Hays Hill.

The Blanchewater is probably the equivalent of the Winton Fri [?] which contains dinosaurs The Murnpeowie is probably the equivalent of the Plutagents, M. contains plant impressions in the silcrete near Hays Hill.

[C6806,7] Dick Tedford study on the Basal beds of the Murnpeowie [C6808,9] Mike Plane standing in one section showing the deflated gibbers on the top.

[C6810,11]A good shot of Hays Hill showing how the contact mantles a basin in the Blanchewater Fn. Sketch of [C6810,11] : the dip of the Blanchewater is about 13* to the NW into the basin which is filled with the Etadunna Fm. The Winton Fm. shows up in a bore underlying the Etadunna Fm.
[C6812] Sketch : Geological map of the area.

Unfortunately the contact between the Etadunna Fm. and the Murnpeowie do not show on the surface. Outcrop on side of road seems to be Murnpeowie Fm.

Cannuwankaninna Bore. Stopped here and had a bath while the Holden went up to Etadunna Station Homestead. Camped in under the lee of a large Dune in the Cooper (between it and L. Palankarinna) M.R. 66435. Reached SW. corner of lake to look at the contact between the Cretaceous and the Etadunna Fm with the B.M.R. and the S.A. Mines Dept.

The Etadunna fm here lies on top of a silveted[?] and ladinized[?] horizon which Dick says is typical of the lowest[?] horizon of a massive[?] denicrest[?]. Mary Lindsay (S.A. Mines) points out that there is similar silcected[?] Nullarbor bestie[?] at Lake Pidinga N. of Yalata Mission on the track to Watson.) The least[?] part of the Etadunna Fm. is Dolomitic limestone with Both-like gastropods and some Rhaggada-like shells. Collected a good swag. On top of this is the remnant of gibbers which Dick believes is transported[?] from an adjacent area of limestone.
Sketch.

Photographed a channel of Katapiri cut into the Etadunna Fm.[C6815]   Moved along the W. side of the lake and looked at typical exposures of the 3 fms present here.

[C6819] Sketch looking west   Tirari

C6820  looking north [C6821] [C6822] Sketch Katapiri, Tirari, Etadunna, note that the Tirari has been pinched out with the Katapiri cut into the Etadunna fm. Tedford points out that the Tirari overlies the Mampuwordu  but not the Katapiri. It is not known what the relationship with Wipijiri is (this is only known at Ngapakaldi) T. does not believe that Tirari is the lateral equivalent of the Wipajiri Tirari is not fossiliferous anywhere.

C6823 Taken at the top of the syncline where the Etdunna is thickest [Sketch] Tirari , Dolomitic limestone of the top of the Etadunna.

C6827, 28 Lawson Quarry, a Mumpuwordu channel in the Etadunna overlain by Tirari.
C6829 Keane Quarry: - note the ?ypcrete in the Tirari above the contact.

Started to look for fossils and found a lot of scrap bone from the Etadunna. Fantastically rich. Paul found some teeth  with a curious sclandent[?] fn of two sets of 3 cusps.[6824 after excavation]
Started back to camp. Camp alongside the large N.S. dune.

Collected spiders. A very warm night with an incredible sandstorm which got out in the night and could have torn everything to shreds if we had had tents.

> 27th August (Thursday) 1970
Camp at Palankarinna in lee of the dunes on west side of lake. We collect the teeth and mandible found by Paul Lawson yesterday. Photos of mandible in situ.[C6824]. Photos down the line of exposures looking south [C6825]. Photo [C6826] looking across the lake to the Dricrusted[?] sediments to fossils which Dick believes the Silcrete[?] clants in the sediments are derived C6826,27 See notes of previous day.[error in transcribing fm pencil notes]. Drove back to camp for  lunch after collecting all moving. Sched. [6832] Landrover in Dunes on my way back to camp. Perth 3.48 pm. 25th Dr Ride 8WNX

PERMIT GRANTED SCIENTIFIC PURPOSES AND FOR COLLECTING ON R1028 SELF BUTLER STOP COLLECT AUTHORIZATION SUPERINTENDENT DOCKER RIVER NO WORD YET GILES HAVE REQUESTED SOUTH AUSTRALIAN AUTHORITIES CONTACT YOU DIRECT  BANNISTER.

C6829 Shows the Mampuwordu sands in quarry face.
C6830 Same scene of above / Tiari Hand pointing , say where D M ends.
Yellow gohere of Mampuwordu Sands, Etadunna in hole.
C6831 Dipnotodited plate in situ.
Set off for Lake Kanunka. Passage up the broad valley to the Cooper.
Cooper Creek photo C6828

Continued along Cooper to a point recognised by Tedford as been away northwards up a dune valley wth a seismic track running along it with shot holes. Lake Kanunka, excellent exposures of sediment.

Camped at the foot of a large bluff - the eastern side of the lake. Very cold night. Too tired to collect. Harry went out and got some spiders while I talked palaeontology. On the way up the country was very impressive little vegetation and almost no signs of water. A beautiful little mob of brumbies came down and investigated the convoy of Landrovers and galloped along waiting about 23-25mph for several miles. V. impressive. Dunes about 20-30 ft high, fairly well vegetated except the crests.

> 28th August 1970 (Friday)
Camped at Lake Kanunda. Up at 5 am, dreadfully cold. The Sminthopsis had died in the night. A female with large teats but no young. Preserved in formalin [WR218] F. Sminthopsis crassicaudata centralis, very large ears (rather like lirtipes) tail, invanited but not fat, white patches behind the ears very marked. Ears without the the distinct dark triangle of sunken S. crassicaudata. Tail shorter than H and B., feral colour a display four al white indourifers.

Clayton Bore shown on Birdsville Track between Marree and Etadunna H.S. ; W.H.Butler by hand, HB. 80, HF16, FA19, TV68, F22. Photographed the stratigraphy at the camp site. C6824,35 Sketch.

Collected for the scree of Katapiri, very rich indeed.
C6836,37 C6838 Map of the Etadunna localities. Scheds.

1. ADELAIDE RIDE : SCIENTIFIC PERMIT TO COLLECT PROTECTED FAUNA EXCLUDING RARE SPECIES RECOMMENDED TO MINISTER WILL DESPATCH TO PERTH OLSEN
2. PERTH RIDE : SUGGEST YOU CONTACT GILES DIRECT THEIR ADDRESS OUTPOST ALICE SPRINGS  BANNISTER

Drove north along the lake then out to Lake Pitikanta, a remarkable lake with excellent exposures of Etadunna fm. Saw how whole skeleton Dyprotodontidae were collected on earlier expeditions where driver presence is indicated by signs of surface bane.
Mandible of small Dyprotodon Ngapakaldia as found by weating pattern.

General view of above. Etadunna fm with tigia and a Katzini channel in mesa background. Another skeleton revealed by ducertution.

5 skeletons revealed in valley. Mandible 04 excavated and shellac added. Plaster badged for removal. Had lunch and then drove back to Lake Ngapakaldi.

Very unimpressive. Low exposures on the Eastern side. An island in the middle and the Western side have better exposures but no vertebrate fossil locs. C6810 general scene of exposures. Walked northwards for a little bluff midway along the Southern side of the lake and came to the Wipajiri loc. This is a very strange locality walked by small clasts reaching out into the beach. They found it by avere and some turtle bones which weakened out. They then put in a trench and find that it was a channel rising parallel to the beach and below the present surface: it is in the Etadunna but there is no Tirari fms to give superimprintual control ? Where does it come in the sequence ? The fauna is very strange indeed. the channel enters Etadunna clasts. Is there some possibility that the channel is itself laid down in Etadunna times and not post-Etadunna ?

Clasts on the beach.
Clasts of fossil plants (Detail)

Drove up into the dunes to find a little valley for the night. The evening started warm 67*F - collected spiders & wrote up diary. Got cold by 11.00. To bed.

> 29th August 1970 (Saturday)
Camped at Lake Ngapapaldi. Left to drive south via Pitikanta to pick up the mandible in plaster block. Dick Tedford and Mike Plane decided to go north with the Bureau party to investigate some as yet unexplored lakes which had good exposures in the photos. Left at 0810 after sched and sent RIDE PHONE 862242 PERTH LEAVING ETADUNNA TODAY ON WAY ALICE SPRINGS STOP TELL JOHN PERMITS OK LOVE DEE

Passed old well. Harry shot 2 Babblers that he is not familiar with. Took photos of the locality which is approx  1.5 m. north of Wyalta Waterhole in Cooper Creek (654448) [C690].

Cooper Creek. We joined the truck we took work at his place. We had got one dune too far east on the way back and did not have the advantage of the seismic track. [C690].
Crossing of the Cooper.

Cannuwaukaninna Bore. had a wonderful bath in hot water, washed the spilt oil off the roof of the Toyota (due to oil cans being insuffiently stood and splitting in the roof rack) and washed our clothes.

Clayton Bore. Met the others and camped for the night. Had a good talk, especially with Jim Warren. He will write to me about the need for an Australian Carbon Dating Ind. to be run on a commercial(?) basis. I have told him that I will have a go at the WAIT

> 30th August 1970 (Sunday)
Camped at Clayton Bore, said goodbye.
Started on the Birdsville Track and photographed Marree [C6916]
Marree 24 gals of super, All new supplies of vegetables and meat $9.52
Signpost Oodnadatta road.
Gate in Dog Fence.
Photo of country - very desolate Margaret Siding !
Mount Hamilton Homestead
William Creek Hotel - Turned west off the Oodnadatta road at a signpost Oodnadatta  130
Anna Creek Homestead turned left at road marked to Coober Pedy.
Gibber plain (photo[c6919].

Camped beside creek in good eucalypts, the first we have seen all day of any size. The country we have been through is very desolate and heavily grazed. For the first part (i.e. Birdsville Track - William Creek mostly "bush" or mitchell grass, very little ground cover). After William Creek a few sandhills but not much cover. After Anna Creek low vegetated dunes with extensive gibber between. Altogether very little vegetation left but enough to show that there must have been pretty good cover prior to stocking - but now virtually nothing. There does not seem to be any plant (like spinifex in Pilbara) which has taken advantage of the situation.

Blew a tyre (staked) coming into amp - Harry fixed it as well as that we did the other day. H collected spiders, a beautiful yellow one. Temp 43*, I prepared maps.

> 31st August 1970 (Monday)
Camped on creek to east of Coober Pedy. Photo [C6920] of map with Etadunna Formation locs. filled in for teaching.
0800 Sched sent.
OFFICER IN CHARGE ANIMAL INDUSTRIES BRANCH N.T.ADMIN. , ALICE SPRINGS. AM INFORMED COPY OF MY PERMIT IS WITH YOU STOP WISH TO AVOID DEVIATING THROUGH ALICE SPRINGS THROUGH KULGERA UNLESS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY PLEASE ADVISE RIDE

[C6528]Photo of Coolibahs along creek bank at camp. Spiders cone osteid (the new yellow one) in burrows about 8" degs" in sediment above creek bank. Sediments sandy gossels did not find in the soft lam. Bruno with silk-lined rim and lined with silk. Photographed spider & bread bin - also a small-chosed scorpion which we found about 12 inches down in a Trapdoor spider burrow [6521-27].

Coober Pedy. A remakable place which looks like an outback town which has been set down in the middle of a mine. Heaps of mullock all over them place, dirt roads anywhere anyone wanted to take a vehicle a cloud of dust & vehicles parked all over the place, an increddible mixture of built places (pub,  post office, store etc.) as well as the traditional dugouts. Called on Eric Smith of "Aladdin's Cave"- a contact of Harry Butler's. Eric sells opals and anything else which will catch a tourist. Had coffee with him in his 11 room dugout. It cost him $20,000 dollars only a couple of years ago. He is the chairman of the Progress association. They are fighting hard for local government and were responsible for the recent clear up of some hard cases following the recent robbings and stabbing of an opal buyer. Had a few drinks with him and agreed to identify a shell for him. Fuel 16 gals supplies $4.22 (total to date $13.54).

Drove over to the rubbish tip to see if we could find any small shells which Harry found last time he was here. Nothing except 2 small boys spending a useful morning breaking bottles ! Wrote to Sunes & Kathy.

Mt. Willoughby Homestead. Oodnadatta Rd. joins from the east. Welbourn Hill. Camp in mulga on a stray plane. After we had eaten we went out and collected spiders. V. few species here but many individuals. The country here is pretty poor. For the first 70 miles north of Coober Pedy it was gibber plain with very little vegetation at all, a little low scrub here a cheae and an occasional mulga. At about 60-70 m. N. of Coober Pedy stands of mulga become common and for the next 50 or so miles one almost continues. However since then there have been alternate gibber plains & mulga. The camp is in mulga with virtually no industry - much frequented by cattle. The gibber plain surrounding it is very bare.
Approx 24 m. S. of Gibber Downs Homestead on the Coober Pedy Rd.

> 1st Sept. 1970 (Tuesday) 1st day of Spring.
Camp 24 m. S. of Granite Downs H.S.
Recd. following. RIDE 8WNX ALICE SP. PERMIT OK PROCEED DIRECTLY STOP LETTER RE EXPORT OF SPECIMENS FOLLOWING:CHIEF ANIMAL INDUSTRIES.
Sent 1.BANNISTER 284411 PERTH OMITTING ALICE SPRINGS BY ASSESSMENT N.T.A. PROCEEDING KULGERA AYRES ROCK DIRECT TODAY  RIDE
2. OFFICER IN CHARGE 8SCG (GILES) ALICE SPRINGS. HAVE I PERMISSION TO REFUEL AT GILES UP TO 30 GALS 3RD SEPTEMBER RIDE DIRECTOR W.A.MUSEUM
Drove northwards, a lovely day, country badly affected by grazing.
Photo of degraded mulga country [C6933].

Granite Downs turnoff. out of fuel in tank (consumption p - 250 miles at 12 1/2 mpg : not good enough). Very nice patch of good mulga & grevillea[C6934,5].
Border of N.T./S.A.. Country still generally rather poor but rather more grass.

Victory Downs turnoff. Victory Downs. Now running a motel business, fuel 22 1/2 gals. Lunch stop. Photo of a rather nice Cassia [C6926] collected a bit too. It occurs as a rather pale green bush in sandhills.

Sched. Telegram recd. RIDE 8WNX PERTH10.12am
PERMISSION NECESSARY FROM DIRECTOR WEAPONS RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT TO ENTER PROHIBITED AREA INCLUDING GILES STOP FAMILY WELL STOP THEY WILL CONTACT YOU SOONEST STOP LETTER AT WARBURTON STOP REGARDS BANNISTER

Photo of Musgrave Ranges at N.E. end [C7001].

Mulga Park H.S. Looks a nice place, lovely country with excellent mulga and various shrubs including the Cassia and native poplar Codnocarpus. Good grass. Photo of road lined with native poplars [C7002].

First Triodia we have seen in the whole trip! From here on the whole plant association begins to look more familiar and typical of the Western Desert as we know it. Occasional sandhills, grasses and spinifex seeding. Plenty of water, Euros in rocky places.
Mt Connor looking as striking as I expected from the air [C7003]

Curtin Springs, Mrs Dawn Severis (husband Peter away), a motel & petrol station. Dawn very pleasant to us, gave us a cup of tea (she was a Qld friend of Harry Butler who visited with the U.S. Exped. and also with Rolf Harris) and let us have a shower. Very nice. Felt well dressed afterwards despite lack of ironing. At least our clothes did not call attention to us. A busload of schoolgirls (from Melburne S.C.E.G.G.S.) had broken down there  (50 tourist buses a day!) - schoolgirls are rather more attractive than I remember!

Camp. Went spider collecting T. 52*F, very few individuals about. None in the dune. Shot a rabbit with the .410 pistol. Got one Lialis burtonis being not spinifex, H. shot a Tadarida australis in the firelight! m. [WR219], ivB 85 mm, TV 47 mm, HF12 mm., E 29 gm., forearm 55 mm., Wt. 34 gms., gulmar pouch of moderately developed Hairs in two tufts but not bristle or strikingly rich brown as in [217]

> 2nd Sept 1970 (Wednesday) 
Camp 6m. w. of Curtin Springs in mulga in a slight clay flat with desert oaks and mulga. A sandhill behind, some spinifex. [C7004] First photos of Ayres Rock. Sched 1 recd DR RIDE 8WNX WEAPONS RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT SALISBURY S.A. SUGGEST YOU PICK UP FUEL AT DOCKER RIVER AS GILES IS NOT SET UP TO SUPPLY FUEL AND IS IN ANY CASE A RESTRICTED AREA. WEAPONS SALISBURY

Ayres Rock Warden's Office & letter box. Talked to Derek Roth, Curator of the Rock (Ranger). They are having real problems over controlling people and keeping them in camping areas and on roads. They had 27,000 last year and 15 tourist buses a day at present. His offsider is Ian Carwood and Lance ?. He was particularly bitter about so-called naturalists etc who seem to think that they need special treatment. He gave an example of a group from the University of Adelaide who were not aware that they needed permits. He is an ex-policeman from Nairobi and seems competent.
Collected owl pellets, and bones from ambast in a ledge.

Met Dave Simpson and (aboriginal) wife Trixie, he is a motor mechanic and is trying to get set up at the Rock. He is performing unofficially under canvas (a camp - with corrugated iron under the canvas!) and has a small museum of artifacts. He would like to get some lainduley points.
8.00 left Rock.

Took a lot of photos round the Rock and also over towards Olgas. Desert oaks lovely. Left circular track in the NW of Mt. Olga, joined Giles track [C7014] last photo at Mt Olga, joined Giles track at Nat. Park sign. Collected Ampliboleus inernis in flat burrow after it ran across the road. Collected noteu.

Armstrong Creek. Photographed beefwood and blackwood on the flat (beefwood's a drooping Acacia, bloodwood is a Eucalypt) [C7018]

Camp on the edge of a dune 6 miles east of the Irving Creek crossing on the Giles Road. Sandhill alive with small mammal tracks. Set all the Elliott traps (20) and also set about 26 breakbacks. Went out in the evening to look for spiders, again very few induviduals here T.55*F. Collected a gecko as well. Back in camp H. shot a Nycticeius in the spotlight. [WR220] Nycticeius , H B 53 mm., Ear 13mm., TV37 mm. forearm 35mm. HF 8 wt 10 gm. The bats are flying low over a profusely flowering Acacia, very difficult photo, they were so close. The Acacia is a lovely white-stemmed little tree (?shrub) about 8ft. tall.[C7019].

Very tired,  I don't know why because we rose late and have not done much today. To bed at 10.30

> 3rd Sept. (Thursday)
Camped on the Westward facing of a sandhill 6 miles East of Irving Creek. Mulga on the flat, spinifex and grass on the sandhill with flowering acacias and a few mallee-form Eucalypts with broad leaves. Trapped one Notomys alexis f. [WR221] H & B 98, E 24, O+2=4, tv139, Wt 36 g , Hf 32, Incisors not grooved. Made him a stall. Gular pouch a rather confusing feature. It is a whorl of white hairs with a bare area in the centre. When the animal is relaxed it looks like a pouch but when it is examined closely & stretched it can be seen that there is barely enough of a raised rim to call it a pouch Nevertheless there is little doubt that it is alexis. The book might be improved by the words "(sometimes a saucer-like depression of bare skin)" inserted after "pouch". Pregnant 4 foetuses approx 18 x 13 in utero. Note: When the animal was skinned the pouch showed as a thin window-like area in the throat. The creamy white hair of the actual area also shows through the skin. Both areas are separate [C7020] locality of N. alexis (sandhill). Holes common, tracks everywhere.

Photos of the two eucalypts of the country. Collected species for honesis Blackwell [C7021,2] opposite leaved small fruit.(mallee form but also as a tree about 40 ft high).[C7023,4] alternate leaved bigger fruits.

Small rock cistern on side of road in a low outage of granite. Typical Desert rockhole bad dry and not maintained.

A tree of Duboisia hopwoodi, Pitcheri, about 10 ft tall [C7025, 6, 7,8] also a mob of about 20 camels.

[C7028] photo of the edge of the Petermann country [C7030] of Bloods Range in distance.  This is lovely country ; by groves of Desert oaks, some white backed Eucalypts in addition to the mallees, mulga and gidgee None of it has been grazed and there is no browse line. The grass and spinifex is in high seed and it all looks golden and wonderful.

Shaw Creek.
Chirnside River, lots of Wirlies on the flat [C7031] - deraded.
Hull River Lasseter's Cave where they found his log.[C7032,3]. A lovely place under these conditions - but woeful without hope of relief.
A grindstone and pieces of ochre on the river flats.

Petermann range - view across to the gap behind the Ruined Ramparts [C7034].  Docker River Crossing.

Docker River Settlement. Met Supt who runs it for the N. T. Administration. This is not a mission but a Govt. Welfare place. Well equipped with canares about 300 people here. Supt hopes to run cattle - this will be the end of this wonderful place. 12 gals.

Sent to BANNISTER  PHONE 284411 PERTH
WIRELESS U/S PLEASE SEND FURTHER TRAFFIC WARBURTON REGARDS RIDE (CHARLIE 8WNX)
W.A. Border. Just before that saw a grove of blackboys also took [C7035] to the north.

Rebecca Creek. T.O. to Sandy Blight Junction, photo of white eucalypts [C7036] Giles Corner NOT  41 miles as per map BUT 31. To road down a track to camp at 714.4. Collected spiders. 52* F.

> 4th Sept (Friday) 1970
Camped some miles down a track to the east of the main track in an attempt to find a rock-hole marked approx 16 m. s. of Giles Corner on the map. These maps are difficult to me because of the lack of features. Must tell John Morgan.
Back on main track.
Northern edge of area excluded from Native Reserve (identified by "F.E.Govt" signs)
Photo of a new Mallee [C7101]

Blackstone Camp turnoff. Photo of a dead mulga and regenerating mulga is a situation that stock could not be involved. Mt. Aloysius in background [C7102]. Track joins far west along northern flank of range. T. O. to the Wingellina Camp. Wingellina Camp. Met John Smith and Mrs. Smith (camp manager), Dave Louth (Manager of Alice office of International Nickel), Cliff Hall. The men have all left preparatory for the total shut-down and John Smith expects to move out in a week or so. They invited us to use their hot showers (bliss) and took the opportunity to do a little washing as well. They gave us lunch and afterwards they all took us around the sites which were reported on by Crawford and Tomlinson.

S.A. Border nearest Mt. Davies [C7103]. Cleft in range making Irundju waterhole, this is part of the Papa myth. Crawford's site 1.[C7104-7]

Butler noticed grinding grooves in the rocks and immediately identified these as ochre grinding places for ceremonial - but I am suspicious because I find no ochre lumps at these sites.

Drove up the hill to Crawford's site 12 the place where the dog split in the hillside this is Njugali. Photographs [C7108-11] including a set of stones and sticks and leaves arranged on top of an adjacent rock. Flakes common around this site. Photo[C7112] of Aicotinium.

Arrived at the next site in the Papa myth (Crofonds site 3); the red sandhill where the puppies played. Njiguwalgu. This is a sticky isolated sandhill - quite out of place. International Nickel have fenced it and put up signs.

Drove on to Giani's claim. This is being worked by a group of whites Reg Hockley (manager) & wife, Des..., Norm ... who set up the ground with a bulldozer and then employ natives on piecework to pick up drums of chrysoprase or moss agate. Reg estimates that in a 10 day period a man can at the current rate of working about $20  and that he works about 6 hrs per day. This compares unfavorably with the International Nickel rate for natives of $61 per week (6 days ; 8 hrs day) or for casuals $55 which John says he has to reduce to $45 for late starting, etc. This should be looked into. The per drum rate is $10 for chrysoprase and $5 for moss agate.

Drove over Wingellina Hill where took photos of cave Njangalba, and hill with pyrics (pieces of magnesite) Ngangguna  [C7118-21]. Some of the magnesite is clearly placed in position, one small cave had yellow ochre on the floor, the larger cave had ayle charcoal (Site 13). Also took photos [C7122,3] of the ruins of the place where the dingo bitch had been. This had been destroyed by rock hunters.

Back at camp took photos of Stran's instructions to employees re sacred sites [C7124]
Mining camp at Wingellina.
Main road to Blackstone, Giles, etc.
Blackstone turnoff - took it. Blackstone camp and mill. Seems deserted.
Camp on side of road, probably  a couple of miles short of the Cavenagh Range turnoff.
Collected spiders and turned in. A very warm night - no wind.

One huge spider - very beautiful with very long striped legs and small body ; Red eyes, adpressed to a round boulder in a wash. Most memorable. Very few spiders of about 5 species. A mulga thicket in a creek with gravels.

> 5th Sept 1970 (Saturday)
Camped in a mulga flat on the side of the road. The site is a wash of black sand and boulders and has nothing to commend it except a total absence of bindiie! It is incredibly dead and no tracks around the camp.
Cavenagh Range track to south, stayed on main road.
Bilbring and Lightning rocks. The rockhole is completely dry. Looked over Bilbring, there has been no defacementof the pictographs since I was last here but tyremarks show that the rock at wayside is visited.[C7125,26]

Giles Tank still has a little water in it - very low in incredibly dry season. Main tank empty i.e. we have done 277 miles since Docker River on the main tank much of it at 50-60 mph. Tank on roadside: mill and tank.

Warburton Mission. There had been a message over our fuel and they will only let us have 20 gals to fill the main tank. Very irritating because we counted on the extra to get us down to the sticknest rat locality. 3 girls at the hospital having trouble with severe cases (one a dehydrated baby). Hoped I was a medic, felt sorry for them.

They have had a very poor season about 150 points altogether although they say Cosmo "just down the road" (i.e. 300 miles away)had over 300. No wonder the rockholes are dry.
Native Welfare Reserve sign.

Deviated several times from the road search for the way into the Neale Jn. road without success. Finally found a good road 34.7 miles from Warburton Mission and went down it bearing approx 113*, and heading straight on the skyline for the Simpson Hill group of heights.

Left main road to go down the road , stopped at Hwy , collected a banded whiteface [Aphelocephala nigricinata].
A lovely patch of mallee sandplain between sandhills.
3 White crosses - probably a datum point for aerial photography.
Reluctantly decided to turn back ; too dangerous without wireless and not enough petrol to get us to Cosmo. Camped in the mallee sandplain seen before.

Harry shot a Tadarida australis [222] f. with much white, a white collar and two white patches on the lower thorax on either side extending to the red vertical line from the two round white stripes. Garlai(?) pouch very obvious , but tuft of hair and small all within the pouch. H. made a skin to show colour. H & B 88 mm., E.26, TV46, fuermn 60, HF 13, Wt. 34 g. body in spirit.

Collected spiders, not many around despite reasonably warm eveving, moths numerous while at Warburton we collected mail and telegrams, mail for me with news of family. Telegram:
1. 4.9.70.  10am.RIDE
JUST HEARD FITZGERALD HEARING PROBABLY WEDNESDAY SEPT 9TH. CAN YOU MAKE IT.
 BANNISTER.
2. 4.9.70. 10.37 RIDE
THANKS FOR LETTER ALL GOING WELL LOVE MARGARET
3. 5.9.70 Perth RIDE
FITZGERALD HEARING NOW THOUGHT MORE LIKELY 14 SEPT 1970 BUT TO BE CONFIRMED.
 BANNISTER WA MUSEUM.
SENT. RIDE PHONE 862242 PERTH PASSED THROUGH WARBURTON SATURDAY WILL PHONE FROM LAVERTON MONDAY IF WE   GET THERE TELL BANNISTER LOVE   DEE.

> 6th Sept 1970 (Sunday)
Camp in mallee in sandhills. We recorded this locality on the label of the Tadarida as approx 25 m. ENE of Winduldana Rock Hole approx 25 m. SSW of Warburton Mission. [C7129, 30] of eucalypts at the site.

Curved back at main road, airstrip across the road. Road curves away northwards towards Sutherland Range. - all these factorsa point towards the road we are on being Dick Huotham's road to Neale Junction.

Winduldarra Rock Hole . The rockhole is very similar to Gamba R...