Museums, arrived at the beginning of last week, and left Perth on Saturday
for Minginew to commence his trip. From Minginew he will travel through
Cue and over the country in the vicinity of Lake Way and Lake Darlôt, and
other promising fields. Particular attention will be paid to the
collection of biological, ethnological and geological specimens....

There is, however, one danger which needs to be forseen. While within the next few years Western Australia may be made quite as desirable a country to live in as any of the Eastern colonies, so far as mere comfort and convenience are concerned, the younger generation growing up in the colony may find themselves at a disadvantage educationally, as compared with the youth of the Eastern colonies and the United Kingdom.

Western Australia is pre-eminently a colony where a young man anxious to push his way in the world may hope to succeed, and it may be expected that for some time to come greater proportionate progress will be made in ten years here than in half a century of the life of many older countries. But for educational purposes no one would choose Western Australia as being in any way conspicuous. Putting aside those studies necessary for a professional career, and supposing merely that a lad wishes to prepare himself for the occupations of mining or farming, for which there are unlimited openings in Australia, he can in most, if not all, of the Eastern colonies obtain instruction suited for his purpose. He will find schools of mines, agricultural colleges, geological and botanical museums, and experimental gardens at hand. He has, in fine, excellent opportunities of obtaining that scientific knowledge and training which is of inestimable value to the miner and the agriculturist. But the West Australian lad, unless his parents can afford to send him out of the colony for his education, is at present quite denied advantages like these. The lack is undoubtedly serious, and the duty of supplying it as far as practicable is one which no wise Government will fail to keep in view.

That we possess vast natural resources is indisputable, and if constant reiteration of that gratifying fact is of any service, we are not likely to forget it. But if these resources are to be turned to good account there must be some knowledge of nature, some acquaintance with the contents of her vast laboratory, some discrimination in selecting what to utilise and what to leave alone.

The meeting of the West Australian Natural History Society, at the Geological Museum, yesterday, serves to remind us that, in one direction at least, and in a very important direction, modest but very useful effort is being made to supply the colony with an educational adjunct, which should prove of special value in relation to its mineral resources. It is a happy coincidence that what may he described as the formal opening of the Geological Museum should have fallen to the lot of a Governor, who, during a previous term of office, was responsible for its inauguration.

In the intervening years the Museum has undergone a course of self- development rather than exercised any educational influence in the way of spreading knowledge of the colony's geological formations and mineral wealth. Until a comparatively recent period, it was housed in a room. adjacent to the private residence of the late curator—the Rev C. G. NICOLAY, —to whose fostering care in the struggling days of its infancy it owes so much, and it may safely be said that its existence, unless in some vague, indeterminate way, was known only to a few. Its removal to a more central position in Perth was a decided attempt to burst forth from its chrysalis state, and the appointment of a salaried curator, in the person of Mr. B. H. WOODWARD, has also helped to direct attention to an institution which, if rightly used, should have a very definite and practical value to the colony.

But even now the museum is not so well- known as it should be. The gloomy pile which has been assigned to the Geological Department for its head quarters and which was built for quite different uses, is not the place where one would expect to find a museum except for the relics of criminality, and it can only be regarded as a temporary habitation. But the gathering of yesterday and the publicity which it will receive through the medium of the press will no doubt materially help to awaken the public to a knowledge of the museum's existence, and it may be recognised that the old gaol, like the toad, ugly, if not venemous, “wears yet a precious jewel in his head.”

But a museum for the housing and display of geological specimens does not include all that is needed by the colony in this direction, as was pointed out by both the Governor and the Premier yesterday. We have to look forward in the future to the establishment of botanical, ethnological, zoological and technological museums, as well as a fine art gallery.

As yet we have not one of these in the colony, but the time has certainly come when the Government should take in hand the collection of objects for all of these, no matter how small the scale on which operations have first to be begun. And it will be noted with peculiar satisfaction that the PREMIER has promised that the Government will make an early attempt to supply all those deficiencies, and undertake seriously the creation of these institutions.

The initial step, however, is to provide a suitable building in which collections as they accumulate can he properly housed. If the Government can see their way to make the necessary provision for this purpose, they may rest assured that there are few objects for which the colony will more willingly sanction a moderate expenditure. Even with an immediate beginning it must be many a year before any of our local museums can hope to compare with the fine collections in the Eastern colonies. But these had their day of small things, and it is astonishing what steady progress can be achieved by the help of a moderate annual grant, provided its expenditure is placed in competent hands.

The present excellent museum at Adelaide, which comprises all the branches we have named, has grown in this modest fashion, and excluding the cost of the admirable building which it occupies on North Terrace, the expenditure incurred in bringing it to its present condition has been very much less than might be supposed. The temptation which we must resist here, at least for some years to come, is that of spending too much on bricks and mortar.

The ambition to provide a fitting home for our national collections is a worthy one, but it must be withstood until such a time as the colony is in a position to build a habitation of which it can feel proud. But when that time does come our whole strength should be put into the work. There is a deep truth in the teaching of RUSKIN that architecture is the revealing medium or lamp through which flames a people's passions, and which is the embodiment of their polity, life, faith or no-faith. And even in the first simple building, the mere shell of brick or jarrah, with no other object but to provide safe housing and shelter against the elements, one of the first principles of architecture, the law of truth, or the spirit of reality and sincerity characteristic of all noble schools of the art, can be observed. An effort could he made, if only for economy's sake, apart from beauty's, to dispense with all that sham and bastard ornamentation which is the curse of so many modern attempts at architecture. Better to have a plain structure revealing itself as such than some pretentious pile aping the palace, and with sham written on every gew-gaw and bit of trumpery that vainly strive to hide its real nature. All the money that can he raised should as far as possible be spent in collecting, for some years to come.

THE members of the West Australian Natural History Society paid a visit to the Geological Museum yesterday, and opportunity was taken of the presence of His Excellency the Governor to formally open the museum to the public. The museum, which occupies what formerly was the chapel of the old gaol, has now attained some magnitude, as a collection and scientific classification of the minerals, especially the marketable ores, of West Australia, together with other valuable specimens lent by the Curator, Mr. Bernard H. Woodward, representing the geology of most parts of the world.

A numerous company of members and visitors, including a goodly number of ladies, assembled in the afternoon to be present at the opening ceremony. Speeches appropriate to the occasion, were delivered by Sir John Forrest, who opened the proceedings, his Excellency the Governor, the Rev. C. G. Nicolay, who had first commenced the collection at Fremantle, and Mr. Woodward the Curator. An extended report of the proceedings is unavoidably held over till to-morrow, for want of space....

enlarged—have decided to advertise for applications for the position of
curator, the salary offered being £300 a year, with a travelling allowance
of £50. The fact will bring home to many that the Museum on the site and
in a portion of the old gaol building, is becoming an institution worthy
of its name, and a visit to it at the present time will serve to convince
most people that such is the case. The outward aspect of the prison is
gradually disappearing, and a roomy apartment has been added, in which the
exhibits can be seen to much greater advantage than before. Of course,
much remains to be done to the structure to fit it for its purpose, and to
deprive it of the forbidding and disagreeably reminiscent aspect which it
still presents. But that this can be accomplished without much trouble or
even great expense is clear. Given a well designed front, and the
demolition of the upper cells, as well as certain alterations within, and
all traces of the prison will have disappeared. It will be admitted by
these who remember the old Perth Museum attached to the Mechanics’
Institute, and the modest beginnings of the present institution itself,
that the Curator, Mr. B. H. Woodward, has done wonders with the mean and
exhibits at his disposal. For one thing, he has succeeded in making a very
salient collection of our minerals and ores of all kinds, and the
exhibition of stuffed birds, prepared by a skilled taxidermist, not long
since arrived in the colony, is quite excellent. He has also made the most
of old exhibits, and in fact has done as much as any one in his position
could have done. Mr. Woodward has a special faculty and qualification for
the position of Curator of a Museum, and therefore the action of the
committee in not giving him the first refusal of the post, with the
increased emoluments and advantages will occur to those acquainted with
the circumstances and facts as distinctly unfair. To Mr. Woodward is
entirely due the credit of the excellent commencement which has been made,
and which he has effected without the assistance or guidance of a
committee. No doubt the gentlemen who now act on the committee of the
Library and Museum are learned, capable and business-like, and are
animated by a laudable desire to make the Museum the best institution
possible in the circumstances ; but we repeat to virtually hoist the
present Curator out of his place and hoist another into it, without,
apparently, any reason whatever is unfair, to say the least. But for Mr.
Woodward’s efforts possibly there would have been no Library Committee in
existence at the present moment, and like an incident in Milton’s
“Paradise Lost,” he has given birth to a creature which has turned round
and rent him. Apart from this incident, the interest which is being taken
in the Museum, and the increased financial support which it will now
almost certainly derive from the public funds is a matter for
satisfaction. It has long been felt that one of the wants of Perth is a
good Museum—one which in the first place contains as full a collection as
possible of the flora and fauna and geological and mineral specimens of
the colony, and in the next exhibits of all kinds of archaeological,
ethnological, artistic and technical interest and value. The flourishing
condition of the public finances justifies liberal support being given to
the institution by Parliament, and it may be trusted that the Committee
will well and wisely expend the money about to be placed at their
disposal, and will act judiciously as well as fairly in the future
selection of its officers....

Excellency the Governor was an interesting and important event.

Doubtless the surroundings were somewhat sad and sombre, and, even had they been brighter and more exhilarating to the unscientific, there is not, much that is interesting in a collection of mineral and specimens.

We know that a very enthralling discourse has been delivered with regard to a lump of red sand-stone, nevertheless geology is essentially a subject on which it is impossible for the unscientific to work up any degree of enthusiasm. Nevertheless it has been obvious to everybody in the old Prison Chapel last Wednesday afternoon who listened to the remarks of the Governor and Premier that the formal establishment and opening of this museum is a matter of no small importance.

As the Governor pointed out, Western Australia is already a gold-producing country and a place of great mineral possibilities. The specimens on view at the museum now open to the public include rich, gold-bearing quartz from Kimberley in the north to Plantagenet in the south, besides lead, copper, tin and coal and other valuable minerals too numerous to mention. These will demonstrate, to those anxious to enquire into our wealth and prospects that Western Australia offers a large field for mineral research.

The placing of the museum the charge of a paid curator will be a great advantage, although the Rev. Mr. Nicolay deserves great credit for his valuable and gratuitous attention to the geological collection, in the past. It will be the duty of the curator to add to that collection and to do all that lies in his power for its enlargement, and we believe that Mr. Woodward is well fitted in all respects for the position he, occupies. The present day is one of small things, but there is no foretelling the extent to which the humble little museum will grow, and maybe it is the nucleus of a school of mines, and of an institution which will bear comparison with those so well established and housed in the sister provinces.

It must at once be affirmed that the sooner the museum is removed from its present temporary lodgings the better. It is somewhat remotely situated in the first instance, and in the next the prison surroundings are gloomy to a degree, and must cause an impression the reverse of favourable in the minds of visitors, and indeed induce uncomfortable comment. Gloomy as is the exterior the interior is worse, and the visitor has to pass whitewashed cells and mount iron stairs in order to reach the sombre apartment in which the specimens and exhibits are located. This lodgment should not be allowed any longer than can be possibly helped, and it may be hoped that when next the Government come before parliament they will be prepared with proposals for the erection of a museum in a central or conveniently situated portion of the city.

This museum should be devoted not merely to the housing of geological specimens, but should be for exhibits of a general character. No doubt it would be possible, by offering a reasonable sum of money in payment therefore, to obtain the highly heterogeneous collection at present jumbled together in the Mechanics' Institute, and which are palpably suffering from the effects of the dust and moth which corrupt. Well arranged and displayed the collection would be very interesting but at present it is almost an impossibility to view them properly.

It is little short of discreditable to the colony that after an existence of 60 years there is not in Perth even the nucleus of a collection of our flora and fauna. Few countries offer such opportunities to the botanist, the entomologist and zoologist as Western Australia, and without going outside our borders for exhibits a truly magnificent and unique collection of natural objects might be made and displayed in this fair city.

As it is at present we have nothing whatever of the kind to show the stranger within our gates. It is high time this reproach was removed. The Premier, Sir John Forrest, though he would scarcely pose as a scientific man, has displayed a large amount of highly intelligent interest in the collection of botanical and other specimens when engaged in his exploring expeditions, and judging by his remarks at the opening of the Geological Museum he recognizes that the colony is unduly backward, and has not done justice to itself in failing to establish ere [sic] this a [sic] Museum in Perth.

It may therefore be hoped that his Government will be the first [missing original text] … was thickly strewn with [missing original text] … and so densely covered with heavy grasses to completely [missing original text] … both sides of the soil and stones from [missing original text] … making it very difficult for horse or man to set his foot evenly on the ground, and much stumbling and many loosened horseshoes. The river contained a fine volume of fresh water, running in a broad shallow bed, with a firm bottom of sand and basalt boulders. Papyrus trees and groups of palms occupied little mounds of soil that just showed above the water, giving the whole scene a very picturesque appearance.

A CURIOUS SPOT AND A VAST PANORAMA.

The camp having been pitched early in the afternoon, Mr. Allen and I took fresh horses and rode several miles to the south-west. We saw a large pool of water at the bottom of a beautiful valley, contiguous to which was a large and nearly horizontal slab of sandstone rock, probably 900 square yards in extent. In the centre of this the aborigines had formed a circle of large stones, 12ft. in diameter. At the centre of this circle was an oblong stone structure. about 5 ft. long and 3ft. wide, and nearly 2ft. high, which, from the burnt appearance of the stones and quantity of ashes and cinders in the vicinity, was evidently used from time to time as an oven, or perhaps an altar. Passing this curious spot, we rode for about a
mile further up a very steep incline, and finding the rise of the country becoming too precipitous for horse-travelling, we secured our nags under a group of box trees, and proceeded to ascend the mountain in front of us on foot. Half an hour's climbing brought us to the summit, where we were rewarded by a splendid view of the surrounding, country.

The aneroid showed this mount to be 1,550 ft. above sea-level. On every side of us huge boulders of black volcanic stone rose up through the deep, dense covering of succulent green grass which clothed the mountain from base to apex. Miles away from us in various directions we could trace out the courses of creeks and lagoons by the masses of papyrus and palm trees that fringed their banks ; while further still to the west and north the prospect was bounded by terraces of rugged mountains, furrowed by numerous gaps and valleys.

The principal timber on the mountain where we stood, and apparently on the surrounding hills, was a rather small species of eucalyptus, which, for want of another appellation, our party generally called the “grey box.” The “feather-tree” also appeared in considerable numbers, and many small species of acacia, and a stunted palm with fan- shaped leaves, which seemed to grow only on the higher altitudes. We were so interested in the varied beauties of the vast panorama spread around us that we did not for some time notice the sun was getting near to the horizon ; an observation from my companion to the effect that we had but little more than half an hour of daylight, made us hurriedly return to our horses and steer for the camp. It was considerably after dark when we sighted our own fires and felt ourselves within the safety of the camp, where we sat down with vigorous appetites to devour a feast of bream that had in the meantime been caught in some of the pools of the river. These fish were very numerous, and some of them were estimated to weigh 8lb.

A DEEP RIVER AND A THUNDERING CREEK.

The following day we travelled along the western bank of the river in a northerly direction for about 15 miles, until the channel cut into an impassable barrier of sandstone rock, which lay at right angles to the course of the river and extended for several miles both to the east and west.

Before entering into this barrier the river becomes very wide at various places. One of its reaches, besides which we subsequently pitched our depot camp, was about 50 chains long, three chains wide, apparently of great depth, and containing clear fresh water, which to the eye seemed to be still and motionless, but an inspection of the rocky bars which crossed the river bed at irregular intervals showed a rapid current. It was computed that over 11,000,000 gallons per hour flowed past a given point in the stream.

Turning away from the river, we travelled along the base of the before mentioned sandstone barrier for four miles, till we came to a large creek which poured its waters in a great chasm cutting right through the barrier. The cataract thus formed by the creek on entering the chasm was carefully measured by Mr. Allen, and showed a perpendicular depth of 95ft. A strong current flow in the creek, and the noise it made in leaping from the cliffs into the troubled cauldron, nearly a hundred feet below, was something deafening. These falls forcibly reminded me of nearly similar ones described by Captain King about 40 miles northwest of where we are.

A HANDSOME TREE.

A very handsome tree, with leaves resembling a large mulberry leaf, and containing a heavy foliage, was observed growing here in considerable numbers. Our Palmerston blacks called it “Lilirimir!,” but said it was now almost extinct in their territory. I had never seen it growing on the Fitzroy or Meda rivers of West Kimberley, or anywhere in the neighbourhood of Cambridge Gulf in East Kimberley. The wood is of a bright orange colour, and is easily worked.

A REMARKABLE WALL.

Nearly half the following day was wasted in getting our train across the sandstone range, although it was not more than half a mile wide at the greatest breadth. A little valley issuing out of the range on the lower side had its outlet obstructed by an artificial stone wall, that had evidently been in existence for many years, as large trees had grown round it. It was about two chains long, reaching from one bank of the valley to the other, and originally had been between 4ft. and 5ft. high. Some of its lower stones would weigh fully a hundred weight. I could form no conjecture as to what purpose it had bean intended for. It was not nearly high enough to be of service as a kan- [end of clipping]....

 

• The Premier, two photographs of Salmonidoe ;
• Mrs. W. J. Eastcott, common pouched mouse (Sminthopsis murina) ;
• Mrs. Aitken, freckled pouched mouse (Phascolagali apicalis) ;
• Mr. C. MacGregor, auriferous specimens from Star of W.A. mine, Broad Arrow ;
• Mr. L. Ehlert, coralline, from Direction Reef, 40 miles from Fremantle ;
• Mr. E. Courthope, banded superb warbler (malurus splendens) ;
• Mr. Milnes, carpet snake (morelia variegata), caught at Mundaring ;
• Mr. W. K. Adam, R.M., Swan River honeyeater (Melithreptus chloropsis), white-eyebrowed pomatorhinus (pomatostomus superciliosus ;
• the Government geologist, annual report of the geological survey ;
• Mr. John G. Withnall, copper ore from Roebourne ;
• Mr. Neilson, two sheltopusik lizards (pygopus [?]pus), Australian blind snake (typhlops Australis), crowned snake (coronella sp.), scorpion (buthus occitans), newt (?), two beetles (?) ;
• Conservator of forests “Annual Report of the Woods and Forests Department for the financial year 18978” ;
• Hon. Minister of Mines, N.S.W., “Mineral Resources, No. 3” ;
• Mr. E. Gifford, brown snake (Diemenia superciliosus), caught at Pinjarrah ;
• Mr. Stanley Liddelow, Australian goshawk (astur cruentus), ;
• Miss Gladys Salkilld, a Spanish fowl ;
• Mr. F. Maley, two wedge-tailed eagles (aquila audax) ;
• Mr. D. P. Caporn, mountain devil (moloch horridus).

The purchases include the following :—Regent bird (sericulus melinus),
nest and eggs of butcher bird (cracticus torquatus), nest and eggs of Swan
River honeyeater (melithreptus chloropsis), two banded superb warblers
(malurus splendens), white-throated thick-head (pachyephala gutturalis),
sacred king-fisher (todirhamphus sanctus), sombre honey-eater (myzantha
obscura), two white-headed stilts (himantopus leucocephalus)....

The museum which was established by Sir William Robinson, during his second Governorship, was for several years under the care of the Rev. C. G. Nicolay, at Fremantle, and the complimentary references made to his services as curator, by His Excellency the Governor, in the course of Wednesday’s proceedings, are thoroughly deserved. Subsequently when the discovery of gold and other minerals had given to the museum a greater importance than it previously appeared to possess, it was moved to Perth, and at the last session of Parliament, a sum was placed upon the estimates as a salary for a curator, Mr. B. H. Woodward receiving the appointment.

This gentleman, who is also the Government Analyst, has accomplished a useful though difficult work, in getting this nucleus of a public museum into its present orderly and useful condition. As already mentioned, the Rev. C. G. Nicolay began the formation of the collection in Fremantle, and it was pleasant to see him present at the ceremony on Wednesday. Since Mr. Woodward was appointed curator, he has re-labelled and classified the specimens. Mr. Woodward also acted as local secretary for sending specimens from this colony to, the Mineralogical Exhibition held last year in London; and these exhibits having been returned safely to Perth, they form now an important part of the present museum.

To these and other specimens received from various sources, Mr. Woodward has added, as a loan, his own large collection, which is typical of the mineralogy of most parts of the world, and  has been collected by him during some 20 years, and is very useful here in  helping to identify the various minerals found in this colony.

It is noteworthy that, while Western Australia is exciting a keen interest as a gold-bearing country of rare promise, yet this is essentially a country of iron ores. These are not readily marketable at present notwithstanding their abounding quantity, because the dearness of local labour prevents competition with European smelting but the time may come when West Australian iron will take an important position in the market.

The mineral specimens now in the museum include lead ores from Northampton, where fine pure ore is obtainable from 10 inches to 3 feet in thickness, and is likely to come into extensive demand for use in the treatment of the silver ores of Broken Hill.  This ore is remarkable—geologically—for its fine crystals.

In auriferous ores there are specimens of gold in pyrites, from the Darling Range, wonderfully rich samples, lent by the Hon. H. W. Venn, from the Murchison clusters, also very fine specimens sent down by Mr. W. L. Owen, the late Warden of the Pilbarra field, as well as numerous specimens from the Yilgarn and Kimberley fields.

Tin ores are well represented from the Greenbushes, and some remarkable specimens from the North West, these being very curious for size and lustre. Round the sides of the room are ranged the rock collections made by successive Government Geologists, namely, Mr. H. Y. L. Brown, Mr. Hardman, and Mr. H. P. Woodward, who now fills the office. Although the museum is not yet sufficiently well-known, Mr. Woodward has, however, during the year, received a good number of visitors, especially strangers interested in mining. The room it occupies, formerly used as the chapel, in the old gaol, a building now used as auxiliary Government offices.

Among those present at the opening were sir John Forrest, the Chief Justice and Mrs. Onslow, Sir James and Lady Steere, the Hon. W. E. Marmion, Hon. J. G. H. Amherst, Hon. J. W. Hackett, Dr. and Mrs. Waylen, Dr. and Mrs. Jameson, Dr. and Mrs. Harvey, Mr. Traylen, M.L.A., Messrs. W. D. Holmes, S. R. Hammersley, A. E. Burt, Rev. C. G. Nicolay, &c., &c.

The curator, Mr. Woodward, explained to members and visitors the more interesting features of the museum, and nearly an hour was passed pleasantly in this way.

His Excellency the Governor arrived shortly before 4 o'clock, accompanied by his aide-de-camp, Captain Stuart, and Sir Henry Wrenfordsley. After some time spent by His Excellency in inspecting the exhibits, [sic]

The PRESIDENT (Sir John Forrest) said:
Your Excellency and ladies and gentlemen,—I am sure we are all pleased to see your Excellency here to- day, to open to the public this Geological Museum. It is a small beginning, a very small one, I am sorry to say but I hope and believe that it is a beginning which is to be the forerunner of something very far better in the future.

The want of a museum in Perth, the capital of the colony is one of these very many wants that we feel in a young and growing colony; but I hope that in the very near future something may be done to give to the people of this colony, and to the inhabitants of Perth, a museum worthy of the name.

All great countries vie with each other in providing institutions for the education and elevation of their people, and all visitors to them must be impressed with the number and extent of the picture galleries, libraries, museums, in in [sic] which works of art and instruction are stored, and which serve not only as sources of enjoyment to the people in those respective countries, but also as great public educators.

The Old World, in these respects, is very different from the New; for one cannot but be struck, in visiting Australia or America, as comparatively new countries, with the greater advantages enjoyed by people in the older countries, where such institutions abound. In America or Australia, there is nothing equivalent to the British Museum; there are no such museums or picture galleries as those which so impress the visitor to Naples; there is no Vatican as at Rome, with its beautiful mosaics and its priceless statuary; you have no such magnificent picture galleries as those at Vienna or Munich; but, on the contrary, the people in these newer countries are mostly engaged in their necessary occupations, their first care necessarily being to create material wealth. What great advantages, therefore, those persons have who can travel in other parts of the world and see those beautiful objects; and what opportunities for gaining knowledge and the highest enjoyment have those people living in countries where such facilities are provided.

In Australia, of course, we are a new people; but I am very glad to be able to say that in the larger colonies of Australia great efforts have been made to give to the people those opportunities of knowledge which are common to every one living in the older portions of the world.

In Melbourne, there are the beautiful Victorian Public Library, and the magnificent Technological Museum the, Natural History Museum and the beautiful parks laid out with plants from all parts of the world, their names engraved on tablets with particulars by which every passer-by may learn the name of each plant, the order to which it belongs, and its native habitat.

In Sydney, also, there are a magnificent Public Library, a Technological Museum, and an Art Gallery, where fine pictures are stored; besides the splendid public garden called the Domain, where not only have the many plants from various parts of the world their names and habitat set forth on tablets, but also where the beautiful lawns and glades are adorned with statuary imported from various parts of the Old World, by the wisdom of such public men as the present Premier, Sir Henry Parkes.

All these tend to elevate and educate the people of these colonies ; and it is with that view that this little museum in Perth is being opened to-day. We hope it is only the forerunner of what will in the future be a great public institution. We must follow—of course at some distance—the great efforts made in other parts of the world ; but I see no reason whatever why, in this colony, we should not be able, in the very near future, to build a museum worthy of the colony, and also have public gardens and other means for the enjoyment and higher education of the people, surrounding this beautiful city of Perth. (Applause.)

Nature has given us great advantages, and we have already provided the land necessary for a public park, and for other public buildings. I can only hope that we shall not be wanting in our exertions to provide for this city, and for this colony, museums and art galleries which will not only be educators and also be sources of enjoyment for the people, but also be sources of enjoyment and attraction to the people who visit us from other parts.

In conclusion, I have very much pleasure in welcoming Sir William Robinson, and in asking him to formally open this museum. I am sorry that it is not of greater pretensions, but we must hope there will be better things for us in the future. I am sure the Governor has great pleasure in being here to-day because he has always manifested an interest—in Australia and wherever he has been—in all those public movements which tend to give enjoyment to the public and to elevate the community. (Applause.)

His EXCELLENCY then said:
Sir John, ladies and gentlemen,—
It is not always that a man, when he makes a mistake, realises its full effect immediately. I confess I have, within the last few minutes, made a mistake which I now realise—I will not say to my own satisfaction—and that mistake was in allowing Sir John Forrest to speak before me ; for he has said almost everything that is appropriate to the occasion, and has said it so well that it will be quite unnecessary for me to repeat his words.

There is a story of two gentlemen sitting alongside each other at a public dinner, one being a ready speaker, and the other not so ready, so that the less ready speaker found it necessary to prepare a few notes before attempting to speak in public. Mr. A had no notes of what he intended to say, but Mr. B had his notes ready on the table by his side. Well, Mr. A manages, during the dinner, to steal Mr. B's notes, and being a ready speaker, and happening to he called on first, he made a most elaborate speech from the topics suggested in Mr. B's notes, to the great delight and benefit of the audience, but to the silent consternation of poor Mr. B. (Laughter.)

I do not mean to suggest that Sir John has used my notes on this occasion, because I had none prepared, but he has taken the wind out of my sails completely. (Laughter.)

Most heartily do I endorse his remarks as to the duty of a Government to beautify the principal towns of a colony with public gardens, picture galleries, museums, and so forth, for the enjoyment and education of the people. In opening this museum to-day, it would be very unbecoming on my part if I were to omit some reference to the services of a gentleman who is now present, and who started the first museum of this character in Australia.

The Rev. Mr. Nicolay, many years ago, I think in conjunction with myself, took the steps necessary to make a mineral collection at Fremantle. The collection so made has been presented to this Museum, and forms a very interesting portion of the larger collection which you now see. That was in the days before gold had been discovered here in payable quantities ; but Mr. Nicolay always told
me, in those early days, that gold would be found in payable quantities, and certainly he has proved in this respect a true prophet.

The gold which has been found in in [sic]Western Australia has changed at once the whole character of his colony, which now promises to be one of the richest gold- producing colonies in Australia; and I believe that reefs which cannot now he worked profitably, in consequence of the difficulty of communication, will, when other railways are completed, be brought into work and will
then be very payable. And now we have hare an illustration of one great value of such a collection of mineral specimens, and which collection we hope presently to increase: it is that when strangers come to Perth or to other parts of the colony, and want to know reliably what part they should go to in search of gold or other minerals, they may learn from these specimens where to go, and what are their prospects of success. If only in this respect this collection will be of great practical value to the colony.

About the time when the great gold finds of Western Australia created a stir, a mine was started at Kendenup, somewhere near Albany, and a deal of money was expended in it, a manager being appointed, and some work done; but unfortunately the gold which was believed to be there was not extracted in payable quantity. But I have here (looking at a ring), in my possession, something rather interesting to me. It is a gold ring, and is very nearly the only piece of gold which was got out of that reef at the time. They were kind enough to present it to me, and I had it made into a gold ring. Plain gold rings are usually somewhat expensive, but I do not know of any gold ring that represents a greater money value than this one.

I thought I was invited here to partake of a cup of tea, and to look at these interesting specimens, and that no formal speaking would be required; but I am delighted to be present at the starting of this museum, and pleased to have the opportunity of congratulating my old friend Mr. Nicolay, on the accomplishment of what he has long desired, and what I believe will be the starting of a noble institution in this most beautiful city of Perth. (Applause.)

The REV. C. G. NICOLAY then gave an account of the origin of the mineral collection which has been the nucleus of the museum, and he congratulated the colony on having now acquired a Geological Museum, while disclaiming the title of “museum” as too pretentious for the limited collection formerly at Fremantle.

He said that a number of mineral specimens were, in the early days of the colony, lying about the various Government offices ; and it being suggested to Sir William Robinson, who was then Governor of the colony, that these should be collected together, and be added to as opportunity offered, a collection was got together in a vacant guard-room at Fremantle, there being then no suitable place available in Perth. Two glazed book-cases were then sufficient to contain the specimens, which were added to very slowly, as additions by exchange with other colonies
were not then practicable, and no money grant from the Government was then available. But when Sir William Robinson was removing to South Australia as its new Governor, he allotted £50 for increasing the specimens, which amount was afterwards continued as a yearly grant from the Legislative Council.

At the exhibition held in London in 1886, more than 200 selected specimens of the minerals [missing text] … lar specimens had made Western Australia a familiar name to geologists, palaeontologists, and even to chemists, owing to peculiar composition of the Youndegin meteorite. No doubt much more might have been done in the past to enlarge the collection, if more liberal assistance had been available, and more sympathy had been manifested, or if the collection had been under the charge of an expert who could devote his whole time and energy to it. The reverend gentleman, in concluding his remarks, hoped that under better auspices and direction, the collection might soon become a museum worthy of the name and of the colony. (Applause.)

The CURATOR also made a few practice remarks. He announced that the collection would be open in future every Wednesday from 10 a.m. to 1 p. m. and from 2.30 p.m. to 4.30 p.m. The arrangement adopted here was to keep the ores separate—the gold-bearing ores, the lead ores, and the tin ores; while the other minerals were arranged on the system adopted in the British Museum. Some other specimens belonging really to this collection were at present in the museum attached to the Mechanics' Institute. He then proposed, on behalf of the Hon. J. G. H. Amherst, that the Hon. W. E. Marmion be elected a member of the Natural History Society, seconding the nomination himself, the ballot to take place at the next meeting.

This concluded the formal proceedings. A vote of thanks was accorded by acclamation to his Excellency for his attendance, on the motion of the Hon. J. G. H. AMHERST.

Tea and coffee, provided by the West Australian Natural History Society through the kindness of Mrs. Jameson and Mrs. Harvey who superintended the arrangements, were partaken of by the members and visitors, before leaving the building....

3. To Director from S. C. Stirling, Museum of South Australia, 13 March, 1907, sending case of specimens by S.S. Tarcoola, 3 p.
4. To Woodward from S. C. Stirling, Museum of South Australia, 13 March, 1907, official letter, 1p.
5. To Curator from Australian Museum, Sydney, list of specimens wanted, 23 March, 1907, 4 p.`
6. To Curator from S. Sinclair, Australian Museum, Sydney, 28 March, 1907, sent case of specimens by S.S. Kanowna, 1 p.
7. To Woodward from S. C. Stirling, Museum of South Australia, 4 April, 1907, received Bird skins and thanks for Bower of Chlamydera nuchalis, 1 p.
8. To Director from E. Warren, Natal Government Museum, 25 May, 1907, sending Museum publications, 1 p.
9. To Woodward from T. Sheppard, Curator, Municipal Museum, Hull, 4 June, 1907, interested in exchange, pamphlet on Sibbald's Rorqual, 1 p.
10. To Director from A. Haylock, N.Z. Dept of Lands & Survey, asks about sea shell collecting, best book on West Australian shells, names for exchange for N.Z. shells, 2 p.
11. To Woodward from Charles J. Rooney, Stirling Estate, Capel, W.A., 6 June, 1907, asking for birds' eyes for specimens, offering to send anything in exchange, 1 p.
12. To Woodward from Charles J. Rooney, Stirling Estate, Capel River,W.A.,
11 June, 1907, offering to collect birds locally, received preservative, 2 p.
13. To Woodward from Henry N. Travers, Hamilton Road, Kilbirnie, Wellington, N. Z., 21 June, 1907, asking about exchanges of N. Z. bird skins, will send a list, 1 p.
14. To the Director from Louis Peringuey, South African Museum, 21 July, 1907, cramped for room, not possible to extend for foreign exhibits, 1 p.
15. To Woodward from Enrico Hillyer Giglioli, R. Istituto di Studi Superiori in Firenze, 2 August, 1907, thanking for box of bats, also letter 1 Jan., 1907, Happy New Year, asking for bats, 3 p.
16. To Director from A. Haylock, N.Z. Dept of Lands and Survey, 1 August, 1907, exchange of echinoderms, wanting Cypraea (7 specs.), saving Echinoderms, 3 p.
17. To W.A. Museum from Aristides Brezina, (1848-19-09), Vienna, Austria, asking for exact site, sending some Austrian obsidian, 3 p.
18. To Woodward from A. Haylock, N.Z. Dept. of Lands and Survey, 29 November, 1907, making a collection of Echinoderms in exchange for Molluscs, 2 p.
19. To le Directeur, from Dr. F. Guite, L'Universite de Rennes, 24 December, 1907, wanting examples of Gobiesocides, Australian clingfish, offering exchanges of samples of similar fish , 1 p.
20. To Director from R. Etheridge, Sydney Museum, 8 January, 1908, received Sphenura literalis, fish Hopleganthus woodwardi, next sending Pitchuri, send list of specimens wanted, 2 p.
21. To Woodward from A. W. Hughes, 25 January, 1908, leaving for England, later eggs list, 2 p.
22. To Curator from J. P. Rogers, Claremont, 26 July, 1908, advised G. M. Mathews of your offer to exchange skins of birds, his collection going to British Museum, mentions Bowdler Sharpe, 1 p.
23. To Woodward from Gregory M. Mathews, Langley Mount, Watford, 10 October, 1908, asking for all information on West Australian birds 4 p.
To Woodward from Richard Bowdler Sharpe, of British Museum, 27 July, 1908, recommending research by Gregory M. Mathews, asking for cooperation, 4 p.
24. List of skins forwarded from Perth to Curator, Australian Museum, Sydney, 21 July, 1908, 1 p.
25. To Director from R. Etheridge, Sydney Museum, 19 August, 1908, received case of skins 1 p.
26. From R. Etheridge: List of specimens wanted by Australian Museum, 15 September, 1908, 1 p.
27. To Curator from R. Etheridge, Australian Museum, Sydney, 15 September, 1908, sent revised list, need eggs for North's Catalogue, want loan of pair of Cinclosoma marginatus, Sharpe, 2 p.
28. To Director from R. Etheridge, Australia Museum, Sydney, 7 October, 1908,  List of animals specimens forewarded in exchange and birds'eggs from the Abrolhos Islands, 1 p.
29. To Director from R. Etheridge, Australian Museum, Sydney,29 October, 1908, wanting to borrow Cinclosoma marginatus, North wants eggs. 1 p.
30. To Director from Edward S. Simpson, Geological Survey of Western Australia, 6 January, 1909, about future exchange collection for Bankok, 1 p.
31. To Western Australian Museum from Konigl. Zoologisches Museum, 10 February, 1908, letter German text from A. Brauer, Director, 1 p.
32. To Woodward from A. J. Willianson, Bank of Victoria, Rushworth, 2 March, 1909, sending beautiful land shell Bulimus from Brazil to exchange for a Teredo navalis and a Cypraea Argus 1 p.
33. To Woodward from R. Strelitz, Mouat Street, Fremantle, 1 April, 1909, send parcel for steamer next week, hope you received the vases etc. 1 p.
34. To Woodward from R. Strelitz, Shipping Agents, Mouat St., Fremantle, 2 April, 1909, the Vienna Vase and 2 plates were manufactured about 5 years ago, finding out about Herculaneum Vases, 1 p.
35. To Woodward from R. Streliz,"Kindly hand bearer the collection of Native Weapons", 1 p.
36. To Curator from H. L. White, Belltrees, Scone, N.S.W., 18 April, 1909, Birds' eggs collector sends list of egg exchanges available, 1 p.
37. To Woodward from J. H. Maiden, Botanic Gardens, Sydney, 22 February, 1909, asking for details for his "Critical revision of the genus Eucalypt", 1 p.
38.  To Woodward from J. H. Maiden, Botanic Gardens, Sydney, 2 April, 1909, Specimens arrived in perfect order. 1 p.
39. To Woodward from J. H. Maiden, Sydney Botanic Gardens, 22 April, 1909, received Eucalyptus specimens safely returned, sent Eastern eucalyptus specimens, mentions research, 2 p.
40. To Director from Geo. E. Shepherd of "Malurus", Somerville, Victoria, 20 September, 1909, about acquiring Birds' eggs for collection. 2 p.
41. To Woodward from Gregory M. Mathews, Langley Mount, Watford, Herts.,28 January, 1909, asking about books of W.A. fauna, 2 p.
17 February, 1909, cases arrived, spare a Pehophassa rufipennis, 1 p.
2 April, 1909, thanks for W.A. emu skull and books, 1 p.
4 April, 1909, cousin Henry White, Belltrees, Scone, N.S.W. paying man Hill to buy W.A. eggs 1 p.
2 July, 1909, received P. rufipennis, thanks, 1 p.
8 July, 1909, wants a Synoecus, a Tuinisc castanonta (marked T olivei), 1 young Gallimala terebosa, a Prion young of Gabianus pacificus, 1 p.
23 July, 1909 sending Tinamus latifolius, T. solitarius and pair of Pterselis bicinchus 2 p.
25 August, 1909, birds who also visit Australia, 4 emus had arrived, 1 p.
24 September, 1909, please send some Amytornis megalurus, gigantura, striatus, woodwardi, textilis, 1 p.
4 November, 1909, Thanks for the Turnix and the Amytornis, sent over by Carter, send now no.403, fill box with bugs, 2 p.
25 November, 1909, thanking for sending skins, 1 p.
2 December, 1909, asking for skins from N. W. Australia, 1 p.
23 December, 1909, taken all notes for Amytornis, added whitei after cousin Harry White of Bellhus, Scone, N.S.W., letter from British Museum, 2 p.
1 January, 1910, returning cases of skins, lists of exchanges and duplicates,thanking. 3 p.
42. To Museum from W. Thorpe, 16 December, 1909, specimens, in exchange 2 Pteropus, Wyndham, on loan 2 Fish, Carnac Island, 1 p.
43. To Director from R. Etheridge, Australian Museum, Sydney, 4 January, 1910, are casts of fish brought by Thorpe available, what exchange wanted for the American bison, 1 p.
44. To Director from R. Etheridge, Australian Museum, Sydney, 4 January, 1910, return specimens casts of fish male and female Herring Cale, Olisthops cyanomelas, Rich., King George's Sound, Houtman Abrolhos, common in N.S.W., Victoria and Tasmania. Bats Pterpus funereus=Gouldii,1 p.
45. To Director from R. Etherington, Australian Museum, Sydney, 9 February, 1910, trustees glad to have the American Bison in exchange for information, received list of Moulds for Casts of Fish, are they priced for sale or offered as exchange, 3 p.
46. To Director from R. Etherington, Australian Museum, Sydney, 4 January, 1910, are these casts of the 2 fishes available, American Bison exchange valuation ? 1 p.
47. To Director from R. Etherington, Australian Museum, Sydney, 21 January, 1910, supply us duplicate specimens of fishes: Carcharias glaucus, Exocostus hillianus, Chilomycterus jaculiferus, Pseudorhombus muttimaculatus, P. monopus, Lycodontis mibilis, Therapon truriaccus, T. caudovittitus, Platyce3phalus bassensis, Triglia lucerna, offering Black King Fish Rachycentron canadus, Pilot fish Naucratis ductor, Garfish Hyporhamphus intermedius, 1 p.
48. To Director from National Museum of Ireland, Leinster House, 9 April, 1910, Shrine at Holy Cross and the High Cross of Monasterboice will be forwarded when ready for transit, 1 p.
49. To Curator from Sid. Wm. Jackson, Stratton, View St., Chatswood, Sydney, 13 April, 1910, asking about exchanges of collections of birds' eggs listed, 2 p.
50. To Woodward from H. L. White, Belltrees, Scone, N.S.W., 14 December, 1910, detailed lists of collected birds' eggs offered in exchange, 1 p.
51. From Woodward to R. Strelitz, 20 December, 1910, thanking for case of specimens from Dr. Michaelsen of Hamburg and  thanking Director Harms of Hamburg for sending it freight free 1 p.
52. From Woodward to Dr. Michaelsen of Hamburg, 20 December, 1910, thanking for specimens and naming Peripatopsis woodwardi, getting earthworms from North-West, news of friends, 1 p.
53. From Woodward to Direktor Harms at Deutsch Australische Dampfschiffs Gesellschaft, Hamburg, 21 December, 1910, contents arrived safely, 1 p.
54. From Woodward to Gregory M. Mathews, Langley Mount, Watford, Herts., 22 December, 1910, case of Rhea arrived safely, also 2 cases of birds' skins, not yet received your book, 1 p.
55. From Woodward to E. F. Pittman, Department of Mines, Sydney, 23 December, 1910, not yet able to send Palaeozoic or Mesozoic fossils, sending a collector to get specimens next year, 1 p.
56. Specimens sent to Australian Museum, Sydney, 1910, 10 p.

 ...