Mon 19-v-80
Mid morning - after organising camp & gear - left for outer reef flat about bearing about 300° from island - at N end of Mangrove Bay.
Transect 1. 
Zone 1 - outer reef slope - very shallow slope. Jurabi 015E 690S.
Station 1/2 PLANTS
(Zone 2) Reef Crest; Cover 100%; of which 50% liver coral, 50% dead coral c plants. Of plants - 100% algae. Of algae, 70% crustose corallines. Of leafy algae >98% filamentous algal mat (more or less thick). Of nest of leafy algae, abt 100% phaeophyceae. Of Phaeophyceae, abt 100% Turbinaria.
Station 1/2 MOLLUSCS
Chama, Turbo argyrostoma, Tectus pyramis (check juveniles), Periglypta ?orange teeth?, [following given subheading "transpose op 1/3&4"] Tellin - Arcofagia, Cardita ?variegata, Haliotis varia, Haliotis asimina, Trapezium, Venus toreuma, Pinctada margaritifera, Cypraea helvola, Chlamys spectabilis, Cerithium echinatus, Bulla, Gibbula, Cyclostrematid - Liotina?, Liotia, Columnellids squat c sharp spine Pyrene turturina. Morula uva, Turbo sp, cf Tarquinsoma, Conus (white c purple lip) Conus sponsalis, Spondylus.
Station 1/3&4 (actually 3a 3b &4) PLANTS
Coer of 90%. Of which 80% live coral. Of 20% dead coral plant covet 100% algae. Of which 50% crustose coralline, 50% leafy algae. Of leafy algae 90-95% filamentous algae. Of non-filamentous algae. Of non filamentous algae 60% Phaeophyceae, of which ~ 100% Turbinaria c v little Sargassum Dictyota. Of 40% Rhodophyceae, 40% Laurencia brittle borwn, 40% other reds mostly, flat fat figers Eucheuma (E sp[?] Albrolhos Report), Pterocladia ?, v little flat soft crustose. <5% Chlorophyceae, ~ 25% Valonia, ~ 25% Dictyosphaeria, ~ 50% Boodleopsis <5% Acetabularia.
Station 1/3&4 ANIMALS.
Coralliophila costularis, Septifer bilicularis, Tellin - Arcopagia, Turbo agyrostoma, Periglypta & P. reticulata P. resticulata, Cypraea caputaserpenta, Tectus pyramis, Cardita, Tridacna maxima, Chama, Cryptochula, Nassarius (Telasco) lymnaeiformis, Nassa francolina, Drupa lobata, Phyllidia black&pink & see previous page (1/2 - Molluscs for additions).
Station 1/5 Plants
Cover 90% c sand. Of which 95-80% plants & only 5-20% live coral. Of dead coral areas. 100% algae - no angiosperms. Of algae 50% crustose corallines, 50% leaft algae. Of leafy algae. <5% Chlorophyceae, >95% Rhodophyceae. Of reds, 90% filamentous reds forming mats, 20% crustose brown or red - leathery.
Station 1/5 Molluscs
Cypraea helvola +++, Spondylus ++, Tellin (Arcopagia) +, Periglypta (orange teeth) ++, Haliotis varia ++, Chlamys spectabilis, Venus, Cypraea caputaserpentis +, Gibbula, Tectus pyramis ++, Tectus sp ? +, Haliotis asinina +, Tridacna maxima ++, drupe. Drupella cornus, Turbo argyrostoma ++, Turbo cidaris +, Plicatula, Cardita, Arcid, Mamilla opaca.
Station 1/6 PLANTS
Cover 95-100%, of which 70% live coral, 30% dead coral. Of 30% dead coral cover, 70-100% algae. Of algae, 40% crustose corallines. Of leafy algae, 80->100% Rhodophycea. Of Rhodoph. 100% non corallines, 20% stiff branching red, 60% Laurencia, <5% Pterocladia, 20% iridescent blue-green dictyota. Of leafy algae, 20-0% Phaeophyceae. Of Phaeophyceaea, ≤ 90% Turbinaria, <1% Dictyota, <10% Sargassum. Of leafy algae, <1% Chlorophyceae. Of Chlorophyceae, 70% Valonia etc, 30% Caulerpa in sand (flat). Ask Gordon Smith about stiff branching red & iridescent dicot red.
Station 1/6 Molluscs
Septifer, Mitra cucumerina ??, Tridacna maxima - more towards edge, Tectus pyramis - more towards edge, Malea pomum, Aulicina nivosa (ablita), Spondylus, Periglypta P. reticulata (orange teeth), Turbo agyrostoma, Drupe - Morula uva, Chlorodiloma zeus ?, Turbo cf cidaris, Drupella carnus, Haliotis varia, Stomatia, Tellina sp not vergata but white-yellow smooth, Sabia cf cornea, Cyprae isabella, Columbellids (squat, pointed spire) Pyrene turturina, Cypraea clandestina!, Strigatella scutulata! M(S) ticaonia, Strombus mulabilus +, Fragum fragium (white & translucent), Nassarius (Niotha) livesceus, Bulla ampulla, Conus lividus, Mitra (Strigatella) ticaonica.
Station 1/6b Molluscs
-towards edg of rich coral growth.
Cerithium fasciatum, Malea pomum, Cup & saucer limpets, small white cones c purple lips, large globose Bulla, Umbonium sp, Strombus mutabilis ++, Periglypta +++ orange teeth, Cyp. helvola, Bulla -2spp where?, Epicodokia bella, Fragum fragum, Tellina sp, Conus sponsalis.
10% Cover. 50% live coral, ∴ 50% pl 0 ang. 100 Alg. 50% encrusting - 50% Halophila ∴ 50% leafy alg. 100% filamentous reds. 0% Chl 0% - Phaeo 100% Rh - 100 soft reds - 100 fil reds.
T3
Beach collection near Nat Parks Ranger's camp just S of Tantabiddy Well. - tide approaching HWL. very little diversity. abt 3/4 species of lucinids ?, small venerid (Tapetinae), few opisthobranchs, few siphonarians, Fragum fragum & unedo fragum, Cerithiids. Also collected in channel near coral combie - labelled "near CB1) should perhaps be labelled CB1(a).
Tues 20-v-80
#1/9 at island Jurabi 1:100,000  035E 682S
#1/7 Transect 1 Station 7
Cover 10-15% in sand of which 40% was live coral. Of the plants 50% Angiosperms. Of the Angiosperms, 100% Halophila large leaved - sparse runners decreasing southwards. Of the algae, 20% encrusting on dead coral. Of the non crustose, 10% Chlorophyceae, (a) of the Chlorophyceae <1%. Siphonales. Of the Siphonales, 100% Caulerpa. (b) Of the Chlorophyceae ~ 100% Other (ie Boodleopsis). Of the non crustose algae <1% Phaeophyceae. Of the Phaeophyceae, 100% Fucoids. Of the fucoids, 100% Turbinaria. Of the non crustose algae, 90% Rhodophyceae. (a) Of the Rhodophyceae, 10% Corallinaceae. Of the Corallinacea 100% ?2 spp. (b) Of the Rhodophyceae, 90% other ie. leafy red. Of the leafy reds, 100% filamentous.
Notes. the amount of Halophila decreased southwards till absent. The other algae were almost all on coral bombies - small & medium sized.
#1/7 Molluscs
Fragum fragum ++++, Lima fragilis +, Venerid (?Tigrina), Codakia (>interrupta)++ where?, Septifer bilocularis +++, ? Montacutid, Tillina sp 1 Arcopagia, Tellina sp 2 large yellow white, Plicatula, Semelid, Pinctada margaritifera ++, Isognomon +, Periglypta (white teeth?), Spondylus +++, Epicodakia bella ++, Pinctada albina, Tridacna maxima +, Venus (small?), Carditid Beguina semiorbiculata where?, Lithophagia spp. where?, Hyotissa sp (intertidal type), Scissulina dispar, Venus, Austrolinna ambifer ?, Haliotis asinina, Haliotis varia +, Haliotis squamata, Aulicinna nivosa/ablita +++, Amoria grayi +, Bulla ++, Cerith sp1 cf bitiberculata & Cerith sp. 2 cf Cacozeliana where?, Smobus mutabilis, Lambis chiragra, Chlorodiloma zeus ?, Cypraea helvola, Stromatia mariae ++, Tectus pyramis ++, Nassarius + where, Turbo agyrostoma ++++, Mitra cf ticaonica (probably not!) where?, Vermetid, Conus sp. 1 C. striatus +, Conus sp. 2 C. clarus, Conus sp 3 C. lividus where?, Conus sp 4 C. suturatus?, Columbellid (squat) Pyrene turturina, Coralliophila violacea, Turbo cidaris ? where, Tectus pagodus?, Cypraea sp cf clandestina, Opisthobranch, Cerithium fasciatium, Cypraea caputaserpentis, Mamilla opaca, ?Notocochlis sagittata where, Amaria praetexta, Cup & Saucer limpet, Bursid cf granularis, Latirus turritus, Arcid, Thalotia giliberti, cerithium small white granular (like Cacozeliana) where, Nassariid - Parcanassa type where, Tellin - Quadrans sp?, Terebra subulata where?
Station 1/8
Cover 10% in sand, of which none was live coral (& only small rubble). Angiosperm, 50% Halophila ovalis. Of the Angiosperms, 100% Halophila. Of the algae, 0% crustose coralline. Of the noncrustose algae <5% Chlorophyceae. Of the Chlorophyceae, 100% "Other" (all "Boodleopsis"). Of the noncrustose algae, 5% Phaeophyceae. Og the Phaeophyceae, <100% short laminates, 100% Dictyota. Of the Phaeophyceae 0-10% Fucoids. Of the fucoids. 90% Sargassum (2 spp), 10% ?Cyclophora uvifera. Of the non-crustose algae, <95% Rhodophyceae. Of the Rhodophyceae, 0% jointed corallines, 100% leafy reds. Of the leafy reds, 90% filamentous (2 spp?), 10% laminate (Hypnea, Laurencia). (There is a piece of Chylocladia in this sample as [?] by GG Smith but I don't think it belongs here).
Station 1/8 Molluscs
Pyramidellid large spotted, Mamilla opaca (in sand) ++, Fragum fragum, Tellina, Lucinid where?, Bulla (large, dark speckled stripes) where, Cerithium fasciatum, Philine (egg masses only), Opisthobranch (elongate shells), Strombus mutabilis, Polinices melanostoma where, ?Strigilla Peristernia incarnata, Conus pulicarius, Malea pomum, Cypraea histrio, Mitra (Strigatella) ticaonica ?, Cerithium sp (small - like Cacozeliana), ?Cholorodiloma zeus?, Dolabella, Septifer bilicularis, Epitoniid - long slender, Stomatia rough, Turbo cidaris, Mitra-Vexillum where.
Sta #1/9 at island, #1/9a Plants
Cover >95% on rock; of which <5% coral (on rock); Of which 100% live coral. Of plant cover 0-><5% Angiosperms; of the Angiosperms 100% Halophila; of the algae 0-<5% crustose corallines; of the non-crustose coralline algae, 30% Chlorophyceae; of the Chlorophyceae, 50% Siphonales, (Asparogopsis, stiff sausage green branches Chylocladia), 50% other "Boodleopsis" Anadyomene; of the Siphonales, 100% Caulerpa (3->2 spp); of the non-crustose coralline algae, 10% Phaeophyceae; of the Phyopheceae, 100% fucoids (100% Turbinaria); of the non-crustose coralline algae, 60% Rhodophyceae; of the Rhodophyceae, 100% non-corallines; of the non coralline reds, 30% filamentous, 70% other (v fine Laurencia Hypnea? stiff grapes Laurencia)
#1/9b Plants. further inshore from 1/9a
increase *over 1/9a) in Chlorophycea, especially stiff green bunches of sausages Chylocladia. Caulerpa ?racemosa (different from 1/9a). fine brown fil. epiphyte. ?Chladophora. semi-coralline red ?Liagora (No densely tufted branch red Fordon doesn't know). No Angiosperms
#1/9c
only 'Red" feathers in sheltered wave washed positions (see Museum Bay- E side KI)
#19/a Molluscs
Isognomon ?daemonicus ++, Isognomon ?perma, Epicodakia bella, Septifer bilocularis, Tridacna maxima, Pinctada albina, Pinctada margaritifera, Semelid, Tellina sp cf, Cardium, Acrosterigma sp cf dupuchense where, Acrosterigma sp 2 where, fragum Fragum?, ?Perna, Mytilid, Leptonid?, Venerid (small) zig zag, Carditid, Pinctada margaritifera, Fragum, ?Pinctada or Malleus or Isgnomon (black), Dolabella, Natica, Tectus pyramis. Mitra 2 spp?, Strombus mutabilis, Cerithium fasciatum ++++, Turbo ?cidaris +, Conus dorreensis, Cronia ochrostoma, Cypraea caputaserpentis, Cypraea vitellus, Tectus fenestratus, Cypraea moneta, Cerithium (Aluca) cumingii, Trochus hanleyanus (very nodular), Conus sprectrum +, ?Umbonium, Cypraea caputaserpentis, Opisthobranch, Cerithiid (banded), Amaria praetexta, Diodora jukesii, Columbellid (squat) Pyrene turturina, Cerithiid (white granular), Cypraea sp c fine very long teeth, Liotia, Drupa (Morula margariticola), ?Sophismalepas or Amblychilepas where, Nassariid sp 1 small ribbed Parcanassa, Nassariid sp 2 prickly Niotha?, Drupe?, Mitri - cf Austromitra bucklandi!, Bursid (cf granarium), Cerithiid spotted, Noticid ?Notocochlis saggittata?, Columbellid - dark & spotted, Cypraea annulata, Cerithiid dark?, Cerithiid striped, Cerithiid spotted.
#1/9b Molluscs
large Haliotis asinina shell
#1/9c Molluscs
Saccostrea cuccullata, Planaxis sulcatus, Drupa sp cf margariticola, Drupa sp cf albamarginata, Cerithium sp dark Clypeomorus coralium, Morula granulata, Morula margariticola, Nerita albicilla, Planaxis sulcatus.
#CB1
Not on transect. Coral Bombie #1 in Lagoon Channel N of Mangrove Bay.
On top of bombie (30' diameter?). 60% live coral, no angiosperms, 70% crustose corallines, 100% Rhodophyceae, 90% filamentous, 10% jointed corallines (Jania?)
Molluscs
Haliotis asinina, Cypraea tigris, Tridacna maxima. Beguina ?=Barbatia!, Pinctada margaritifera, Spondylus 1, Pinctada sp? black P. albina, Conus textile (large), Turbo argyrostoma, Cypraea histrio, Telinna sp white/yellow, Fragum fragum, Chama sp. (large -white inside), Haliotis varia, Cypraea helvola, ?Scissulina sp, Macroschisma munita, Mitrids 1sp? Mitra(Strig.) ticaonica, mytilid Modiolus philippinarum, Coralliophila violacea, Cardita sp, Senelid (lamellose), Columbellid squat small Pyrene turturina, ?Pyrene, Cerethiid white granular, Drupella cornus, Cerithium echinatum, Pinctada albina, B. (Acar) tenella over, Lioconcha (L) ornata, Modulus tectum, Drupa lobata.
Wednesday 21-v-80
No time or energy to write up narrative. Departed camp about 9am. Went down to coral bombie in channel - near to but not same one as yesterday - more diffuse & not so high off sandt bottom.
Station#10, Bombie #2  in lagoon off Mangrove Bay. CB2(10)
Cover figues not really applicable for bombie situation - but on top of bombie about 60%-70% Angiosperms c about 80% live coral 0-little on sand to E&S side of bombie. 100% Halophila (small). Crustose Corallines -<40% or less, of other algae ~100? Rhodophyceae, of which about 5-10% jointed corallines, and of other reds, about <100% filamentous & -><10% leafy reds.
Molluscs
#10 Bombie #2 in Lagoon off Mangrove Bay
Pinctada albina, Periglypta, Isognomon small white, Hyotissa hyotis 1 juvenile 1 large under coral ledges, Tridacna maxima small->large (very large clams abt >20" long looked more like gigas with 4-5 folds & quite inflated), Trapezium, Septifer, Fragrum fragum, Epicodakia bella, Chama ++, Pinctada margaritifera ++, Spondylus +, Tellin yellowish, Ostrea cf folium, Nudibranch mauve & orange, Turbo cidaris, Turno argyrostomus, Cypraea talpa, Cerithium fasciatum, Haliotis asinina, Columbellid Pyrene turturina, Cypraea clandestina, Tectus pyramis, Naticid, Conus striatis ++, Drupa, Coralliophila violacea ++++, Strombus mutabilis, Cypraea sp cf scurra, Mitre - brown Mitra(Strig.) ticaonica, Hipponix sp., Conus., Conus sp., Cerithium sp. cf C. echinatum, Mitre - ridged & spotted, Mitre or columbellid (see 2 plants) not Daphnella but same family, memory lapse!! Turrid!
#11
Coral rubble & Holothurians!! Zone near edge of reef inside breakers, strong wash - more [?]able rocks inshore. Cover >95?; of which 30-40% coral; of which 50% live coral. Angiosperms 0%, Crustose Corallines <50%, Compound ascidians 40% (Didemnid). (a) of the remaining algal cover (ie 10%), 90% Rhodophyceae; of the Rhodopyceae, 100% noncorallines; of the noncorallines, >90% filamentous, Pterocladia? dicot branches <10% other. (b) of the remaining algal cover, <10% Phaeophyceae; of the Phaeophyceae, 100% fucoids; of which 100% Turbinaria. Outer section ->100% cover (100 coral) >50 living coral >80% crustose coralline.
#11 Molluscs
Tridacna maxima ++++, alive Periglypta reticulata ++++, Spondylus ++, Chama ++, Septifer +++, Venus, Trapezium, Arcid, Cardita, Hyotissa white, Cryptoplax, Columbellid (ridged)(see Drupe at end of list), Turbo agyrostoma, Tectus ++, Peristernia incarnata, Columbellid Pyrene turturina, Haliotis varia, Angaria + (juveniles + adults), Cerithium ?bituberculatum?, Mitra sp, Cypraea moneta, Cypraea caputaserpentis ++++, Lambis chiragra, Strombus mutabilis, Quoyula madreporarum, ?Coralliophila costularus (piece), ?Drupella cornus, Nassa francolina, Hipponyx ?conicus, Limpet ? Acmeid, Cypraea sp cf C. fimbriata but see 4 bars, ?Mancinella alovina (v worn), ?Conus miles ++, ? Conus  quercinus ?, Conus sp. Conus capitaneus, Conus sp. Conus lividis, Conus sp. (2 spec), Conus sp., ?Morula uva, Drupe, Conus striatus ++, Cypraea corneola, Malea pomum, Conus rattus, Conus sp. alive - same as dead sp?, Engina zatricum
#T12 North West Cape Reef Tract WA - off Mangrove Bay Outer reef flat (short algal zone).
#12 (T12)
Short algal zone inshore from Rubble/Holothurian Zone.
Cover 70-80%->100%; of which coral 0%, Angiosperms 0%, Crustose corallines <5%, of the leafy algae - >50% Chlorophyceae, 30% Phaeophyceae, <20% Rhodophyceae; of the Chlorophyceae - 15% Cladophorales?, 80% Siphonales, 5% other Penecillium[?]; of the Siphonales - 80% Caulerpa 3 spp, 20% Halimeda; of the Phaeophyceae - 10% prostrate Padina, <90% short laminate (rolled edge), <5% fucoids; of the fucoids - 100% Sargassum (juv); of the Phodophyceae - 100% noncoralline, 100% nonfilamentous (Hypnea); v small amounts[?] of Valonia (sausage shaped), Ulva & Cladophora
#12 Molluscs
Turbo argyrostoma, Haliotis varia, Turbo eidaris ++, Cypraea moneta, Cypraea erosa, Cypraea carneola +, Aulicina nivosa, Bulla +++, Gibbula ++, Casmaria erinacea, Strombus mutabilis +++, Bulla (small sp) ++, Cypraea sp (long), Nassariid - Nassarius (Niotha) albaesceus, Niotha - Nassarius (Niotha) limnaeiformis, Angaria +, Modulus tectum, Hipponyx, Cypraea helvola, Columbellid Pyrene turturina, Clanculus, Chama sp., Spondylus sp. ++, Lima fragilis, Tellin - Arcopagia, Mytilid +, Hyotissa, Septifer +++, Isognomon, Arcid - B. (Acar) tenella, cymatiid - Lampusia pileare, Drupella cornus, Vermetid, Mitra sp, Cypraea ? ursellus (see dist'n), ?Peristernia incarnata (slender), ?Terebra crenulata, Conus miles, ?Conus lividus, Conus sp., ?fascialariid )long smooth) - Pisania ignea, ?drupe (small), Cerithium ? bituberculatum, Bursa rosa, Mitra (Nebularia) fraga, Polinices simiae, Malea pomum
#12a speckled algae zone inshore of #12
Cover 20% in sand, 0-><10% coral. algae as before except that relative proportions of Sargassum & Dictyota increased & there was less Caulerpa (almost none).
Molluscs
Codakia interrupta, Epicodakia bella, Cardita, Septifer, Bulla 2spp 1/2?, Cypraea helvola, Strombus mutabilis, Stomatella mariae, Turbo, ?Cerithium echinatum, Columbellid - Pyrene turturina, ? Conus lividus, Conus sp/C. flavidus?, Mitra mitra (see v large borehole), Mamilla opaca, Conus striatus, Turbo argyrostoma, Angaria, Haliotis asinina, Aulicina nivosa, Chama, Pinctada albina, Spondylus
(T13) #13 Fucoid Zone
10-20% cober in sand over rubble & rocks with 0-<5% coral all alive, Angiosperms <10 all Halophila, crustose corallines ~0; of leafy algae - <5% Chlorophyceae, 90% Phaeophyceae, <5% Rhodophyceae; of the Chlorophyceae - Halimeda, Penecillium; of the Phaeophyceae - <5 prostrate short lam Dictyota, Zonaria, Padina, <100 fucoids; 90% Sargassum 3 spp, 10 Caulocystis -> 4ft long; of the Rhodophyceae - <10 coralline, 80 leaft reds & filamentous reds.
#13 Molluscs
Bulla 2 spp ++++, Aulicina nivosa, Strombus mutabilis +++, Fragum fragum ++, Septifer ++++, Pinctada margaritifera, Stomatia +, Venus tigerina or hebraica, Tellina sp yellowish, Amaria grayi juv raduli, Cypraea helvola, Stomatia mariae, Chlorodiloma zeus, Opisthobranch elongate, Columbellid - Pyrene turturina, Nassarius ?[?]ulfula, ? Psammobiid, Epicodakia bella (2 spp), Cardita, Hyotissa sp white, Conus sp, Drupella cornus, Cerithiid white granular, Naticid, Cerithiid med-ribbed, Cypraea sp., Cypraea arabica, Cerithacean (small long thin) 2 specs, F.(F.) unedo.
Thursday 22-v-80
[short notes on morning travel]
#1Stn I - Mandu Mandu MM1 - outside reef off Mandu Mandu Creek mouth
50-100% cover, bombies of coral with sandy gutters - 50% live. Of the plants - no angiosperms, 60% crustose corallines; of the noncrustose algae - 90-80% Phaeophyceae, <20% Rhodophyceae; of the Phaeophyceae - 60% prostrate (encrusting brown ?Ralffsia), 40% short laminate, <5% fucoids; of the fucoids - >90% Sargassum, <10% Turbinaria; of the Phodophyceae - 60% corallines (jointed) Amphiroa; of the "other" 50% Eucheuma, 50% filamentous reds
#MM1 Mandu Mandu StnI Molluscs
 Turbo argyrostoma ++++, Tridacna maxima, Drupella cornus ++, Cypraea caputserpentis, small drupes ++++, Morula uba (purple mouths), Tectus pyramis, Lima fragile, Cerithium ? echinatum, Columbellids + (2 spp), Venus - Ventricolaria toreuma, Periglypta, Arcid, Conus sp (med), Conus (small), see specimens for others molluscs present.
#MM2 #Mandu Mandu Stn 2 - S. wall of Channel N of Mandu Mandu Creek
We examined a steep & in some places vertical undercat wall of coral, 100 cover, 100 coral nearly 80% alive, 20->60 crustose, 60% Phaeophyceae - all prostrate; 40% Rhodophyceae - 60% corallines (jointed), 40% other (laminate reds). No angiosperms or algae on shifting sand bottom.
MM2 Stn 2 Molluscs
drupes small - Morula uva +++++, Turbo argyrostoma ++++, Melo amphora (on sand below), Chromadoris (lined), Barbatia helblingii, Chama sp., Spondylus sp., Ventricolaria toreuma, Canthus undosus, Bulla vernicosa, Colubrellina (Dulcerna) granularis, Pyrene turturina, Latirus turritus, Coralliophila violacea, Mitra cucumerina, Drupa ricinus, Drupella cornus, Malea pomum
#MM3 Mandu Mandu Station 3
Outer reef flat off Mandu Mandu S edge of channel.
Cover 100%; Of which 70% animals; of which 30% sponge (2 spp fawn folded, grey c chimneys), 70% coral; of which 50% alive. No angiosperms; of the plants (30%) >80% crustose corallines; of the leafy algae; 20% Phaeophyceae, <80% Rhodophyceae, <5% Chlorophyceae; of the Phaeophyceae - 80% Prostrate (laminar browns) Ralffsia, 20% fucoids; of the fucoids - 60% Turbinaria, 40% Sargassum (basal parts only); of the Rhodophyceae - 0% jointed corallines Amphiroa; of the non coraalines - 40% filamentous, 60% laminate reds, (iridescent Laurencia ~ 100%); of the Chlorophyceae - vv little Caulerpa peltata & vv little Valonia - dark green, thick skinned.
#M.M. Station 3 Molluscs
Molluscs v. sparse at this station - current fairly strong.
Cypraea caputserpentis, Septifer bilocularis ++, Tridacna maxima, Turbo argyrostoma ++++, Spondylus, Drupes (2 spp?) ++++ - Morula uva, Angaria, Tectus ++, Drupella cornus, Cantharus undosus, Cerithium echinatum, Conus texile, Mitra (Nebularia) fraga, Mitra (Strigatella) ticaonica
MM3b
Had lunch on beach & I went to look at boulders at "entrance" to Mandu Mandu Creek.
MM3b see MM5
Littorina ?scabra (small mostly), Littorina "pyramidalis" & L. "nodosa or australis" (small) with v small nerites see L. undulata sheet, Planaxis sulcatus, oysters S. cuccullata, nerites 2 spp ?(see N. undata N. albicilla sheets), no limpets here. Found a long dead shell of Tridacna derosa ? on beach & 3 spp of cuttlebone. [?] shelss from this station incorrectly labelled "3b"? (see also Cymatiid G. muricinum)
#MM4 #Mandu Mandu Station 4  
Lagoon just S of Mandu Mandu Ck. This deep water lagoon was floored with broken pieces of Acropora, & contained 2 or 3 tree trunks & bases. the sediment was fine & easily stirred up.
Cover >90%; of which 100% coral (livve & rubble in sand); of which 5(->20)% was alive. No Angiosperms; of the algae - 50% crustose corallines; of the leafy algae - 100% Rhodophyceae; of the Rhodophyceae - 0% jointed corallines; of the non coralline reds - 100% filamentous. There were some bombies in this area - but few & scattered (Figures are overall)
MM4 #MM Station 4 Molluscs, very sparse
Turbo argyrostoma +++, Tectus pyramis ++, Haliotis asinina, Gibbula, Fasciolariid (Peristernia incarnata)
#MM5 Intertidal Rocks
#MM6 beach drift same as MM3b?
Nerita plicata, Nertia undata, Nerita sp. juv., Planaxis, S. cuccullata, Littorina scabra?, L. pyramidalis ? & L. nodosa or australis (1 of these is L. undulata [?] to specs.)
We then went northwards along the coast from Mandu Mandu to Turquoise Bay. Just N of Mandu Mandu (about 0.5km) were some oyster rocks near shore covered with Saccostrea cuccullata. Just S of these rocks was an area of sand & rubble over rock strectching for a few hundred yards. the Dominant attached organisms were bunches of strap-like sponges - grey -fawn in colour with a very few corals. Seaward of this sponge area was a zone of basement rock with a fine cover of sand & encrusting sponges & corals. Seaward of this again was a zone of dead & living coral just like station 3 off Mandu Mandu - with the same encrusting sponges. Around the oyster rocks was a varied coral garden. As we went N from these oyster rocks the reef diverged from the coast to give a wider reef flat. Low cliffs developed along the shore with the slope above them littered with what looks like slabs of broken beach rock. A little way offshore - in the channel area - is a zone of red leafy algae wtith no straplike sponges. Going further northwards we came to a channel area in which the dominant benthic organism were brown algae - principally fucoids (but much shorted than at #13) with short laminates such as Padina. Going further N to a point just S of Turquoise Bay we came to an area of good coral growth with plenty of colonies of hard & soft corals in sand. [Sketch map of Turquoise Bay]
#TB1 #Turquoise Bay Station 1
West of Turquoise Bay on S side of Channel through reef,
<100% cover in sand (with sandy areas increasing northwards to edge of channel); 100% coral of which 20-40% was alive. No angiosperms. Of the algae - 80% crustose corallines (& nodules in depressions); of the leafy algae - 60% Phaeophyceae, 40% Rhodophyceae; of the Phaeophyceae - 30% fucoids, 70% prostrate (brown lamina); of the fucoids - 80% Sargassum (bases) 20% Turbinaria; of the Rhodophyceae - 80% jointed corallines, 20% other of which 100% was filamentous.
#T. Bay#1 Molluscs
Tectus pyramis +++, Turbo argyrostoma +++++, Drupella cornus ++, Tridacna maxima, Drupe (small purple mouthed) - Morula uva, Cypraea caputserpentis +, Spondylus, Periglypta +, Columbellid (squat) - Pyrene turturina, Cantharus undosus, Conus lividus.
[Brief note on end of day]
Friday 23-v-80
[Notes on morning travel]
#NMM1 North Mandu Mandu Station 1
Inshore coral area around oyster rocks N of Mandu Mandu (about 0.5-1km). Cover 100%, 70% dead & live coral on basement rock; of which 40-45% live coral on dead coral % rock; 50% sponges & 20% crustose corallines; of rest (ie 30%). No Angiosperms. Of the leafy algae; Chlorophyceae <5%, Phaeophyceae 80%, Rhodophyceae <15%; of the Chlorophyceae, all Valonia; of the Phaeophyceae - 90-80% prostrate (laminar), 10->20% fucoids, <5 short laminate (Dictyota); of the fucoids - Turbinaria 100; of the Rhodophyceae - 0% corallines, of the rest >90% filamentous, <10% leafy reds.
#North M.M. Station 1 Molluscs
Good for molluscs. Isognomon sp1 (white) +++ in notch under oyster zone - in crevices (& under boulders). Isognomon sp. cf I. daemonicus among living coral, Tridracna maxima +++, Turbo argyrostoma ++, b&w Drupe (Morula uva) on oysters & elsewhere (not feeding on oysters) +++++, Columbellid (squat - Pyrene turturina) ++++ ->NMM19, Chama sp +++ (increasing qualitatively * relatively seawards & to S into sponge zone), Tectus pyramis, Septifer - around coral ++++, Cerithium echinatum +++++, Cypraea helvola ++, Drupella cornus ++++, T. argyrostoma?, Cerithium tenuifilosum white c black spots, Nassa francolina, Periglypta, Fragum fragum, Cardita, Pinctada albina, Peristoma incarnata, ?Coralliophila costularis (not on coral), Terebra crenulata, Coralliophila violacea, Cypraea sp cf ursellus! cf clandestine, Cellana radiata orientalis -> NMM1a, Cerithium? (lined), ?fasciolariid smooth, Cymatiid small white c perio (Cymatium gemmatum), Chiton (small), -> NMM1a
NMM1a
Isognomon (sp1) white in notch under oysters, Morula uva, Thais aculeata, Brachydontes, Nerita plicata, N. polita, Cellina radiata orientalis, Siphonarians, Planaxis
#North Mandu Mandu Station 2
Strap sponge zone W & S of coral area around oyster rocks - (see yesterday's notes). 
Cover 100%; of which 10-15% live & dead coral; of which 90% live coral (decreasng Southwards); of the non coral biota - 20% strap sponge, <10% green compound ascidian (Didemnidae increasing seawards), <10% crustose corallines (on pebbles), 50% noncrustose coralline algae; of which ~100% Rhodophyceae of which 100% noncoralline & filamentous. algal scum increases southwards. This zone seem to form a triangle [sketch map of station].
# N Mandu Mandu Station 2 - Molluscs
Cronia ochiostoma, Mitra (Strigatella) ticaonica, Mitra - small black, Strombus mutabilis +++ increasing, Cymatiid ?Turritriton tabularis - Lampusia nicobaricum, Cypraea helvola, Chama +++++ (increasing S) (also into basement rock & sparse coral zone beyond), Tridacna maxima ++ (most small), Cerithium echinatum ([?]true-yellow or white), ? Fasciolariid smooth (?1 or 2 spp), Septifer ++++, Trapezium, small white cerithiid, Haliotis varia, Tectus pyramis, Fasciolariid ?Latirus, Cypraea moneta ++, Pinctada sp (? margaritifera), Peristernia incarnata, Drupella cornus? (small white) - Thais aculeata, Turbo argyrostomus, Conus sp (small white - Conus ponsalis, Ceritium (not small white & not echinatum), Mitra sp (dark brown), Conus lividus, Mitra mitra, Nassarius ? rufula, Pinctada ? albina, Mytilid - M philippinasum, ?Murexsul sp. - Coralliophilocostulium, ?2 octopus species seen - 1 individual dark brown over with white stripe down "forehead" when agitated & turning grey-black reticulated pattern when veru disturbed. >3 individuals seen - deep tan - no stripe - black-grey reticulate pattern when disturbed forms white dots on arms when mildly disturbed. No octopus appear to be large-scale mollusc eaters - if they do eat them al all - perhaps all crab-eaters. ? Tus, Nassarius (Telasco) limnaeiformis
24-v-80
[brief notes on morning activities]
#L1 Outer reef flat off Lakeside Camp
Cover <`00%; 100% d&l coral & <100% l. coral -> <100% 50% d&l coral & of lith 20% l. coral. Angiosperms 0. Crustose corallines 5%->50%. Sponges <5%. Of the non crustose algae; Chlorophyceae 5->0%, Phaeophyceae 90, Rhodopyceae 5. Of the Phaeophyceae; 70% prostrate (flat), <5% short laminate (Dictyota), 30% fucoids. Of the fucoids; Sargassum 50->100%, Turbinaria 50-0%. Of the Chlorophyceae; 100% Siphonales (Caulerpa racemosa). Of the Rhodophyceae; joint Corallines 0. Of the other reds; 90 filamentous, 10 other soft reds (< iridescent Laurencia) (flat soft red thalleus).
#L1 - Molluscs
Hyotissa sp - small white under boulders, Cerithium echinatum, Cypraea caputserpentis +, Bulla (small), Haliotis varia +, Tridacna maxima ++++, Mitres (like cones), Conus striatus, Turbo agyrostoma +++++ particularly offshore, Tectus pyramis +++++ increasing shorewards, Drupella cornus +++++ +?D. cornus particularly in coral strip, b&white drupe Morula uva +++++ everywhere, Columbellid (squat) Pyrene turturina +++++, Strombus mutabilis, Pinctada margaritifera, Venus !(very dead), Thaid (Nassa francolina), Mytilid (very deep & short), Coralliophila violacea +++, Periglypta +++, Septifer +++, Trochid (small), Conus sp (Spp?) C. miliaris, Conus sp (small white C. sponsalis) ++, Fasciolariid - laying eggs (spiral dark lines) Latirus turritus, Drupe D. ricinus (white c yellow spots on aperture face of spines), Mitres Mitra (Nebularia) fraga (small, brown c white spots), Cup & Saucer limpet, Arcid, Naticid Potinites melanostomus, Milo (piece)?amphora, Malea pomum, ?Thaids - smooth c fine granules white cf D. cornus
Plenty of time for search though current (wave wash) was spasmatically strong. We then went dredging in sandy areas.
L2 - Dredging in shallow sandy area off Lakeside Camp. Depth abt. 1m.
Live Fragum fragum ++ small, live Venerid - small ++++, live Cerithiids white + speckled +++, Leptonids ++ dead only, Nassariids Parconnossa? glaus +, Nassarius (Hina) pauperus ++, Opisthobranchs ++ heavy speckled, ?Thracia? dead, Naticids (small) +, live Linga (Bellucina) semperiana ++, Trochid (small-umbilicate) Amalda? +, Opisthobranchs long thin ++, Nassarius (Niotha) albina, Pupa solida.
#L4 Dredging off Lakeside Camp abt >2m sand.
Fragum fragum +++ small & large, Tellin-Scusulina? - ++++ dead, Epicodakia bella dead, Lepton dead, Opisthobranch - thick ++, Opisthobranchs - thin & long +++, ?juv Sompus mutabilis ?, Nassarius ? (Alectrion) + glans particeps, Parcanassa ? Nassarius (Niotha) albina, Calliostoma +, Cerithium white & speckled +, Cerith ? juvenile, Bulla, Mitre +++ Vexillum (Costellaria) amanda, Naticid Natica gualtieriana, Liotia, Aplysiid - jet propelled? - inhalant/exhalant hole anteriorly - pumping action, Vexillum (Costellaria) polygonum, Nassarius (Telasco) limnaeiformis
L3 - off Lakeside Camp, dredging in sand between weed clumps abt 1.5m.
Fragum fragum all sizes ++++, Opisthobranchs thick & speckled +, Opisthobranch thin & long +++, Tellin - Scissulina ? +, Tellin - Tellina, Cone - small white C. sponsalis, Pyramidellids - large spotted, Cerithiids - small white granular ++, Trochid, Cerithiid (brown) Rhinoclarus fasciata, Chiton, Pyramidellid yellowish, Venerid +, ?Thraciid alive, Mitre + Vexillum (Costellaria) polygonium, Naticid + Natica cf gualtieriana, Porcamassa Nassarius (Hina) pauperus, ?Niotha Nassarius (Niotha) albescus, Columbellid (squat) Pyrene turturina, Strombus mutabilis,
MB1 Mangrove Bay
Along the shore of Mangrove Bay - going N from the "island" the beach drift is peculiar in the presence of certain species not found elsewhere - or else are present abundantly where elsewhere they are rare. Also present are much-worn shells of potamidids which were not found alive in the mangal - nor was any trace - such as trails - found of them.
Beach shells, Tellina sp (large), Conus sp., Tonna sp. cf T. variegata, Cyp. caputserpentis, Tectus sp. T. fenestratus. Mesodesmatid, Gafrarium sp. G. tumidum, Dosinia so. cf D. bisocta, Epicodakia bella, Trochus hauleyanus, ? Petricolid, Cardiids (cf depucheuse reeveanum), Pinctada albina, Saccostrea so or spp, Cardita sp, Terebralia sp, Diodora jukesii, Anadora sp. cf.  antiquata, Bassina sp., ?Calliostoma sp., Siphonaria sp., Numella sp., Mytilus spp., Nerita undata, Tapes, cf T. deshayesii, Macrosohisma munita, Cerithium spp. Pseudovertagus aluco, Circe sp. cf C. lentrialaris juv., Circe (Redicirce) sulcata, Placamen.
On the flats (intertidal - muddy sand) were mats of Halophila (Halophila ovata in flower, small leaves & branches) & Ulva on rocks & ?Cladophora & Caulerpa scalpelliformis on rocks. Oysters were founding living on intertidal basment rock - only 2 upper valves taken (no hammer) & these oysters must be examined again in view of the dead shells resembling Saccostrea commercialis found on beach. [PHOTO] Avicennia on beaches with horizontal roots exposed. We then went up tidal stream into mangal (MC1) - mostly Avicennia marina [PHOTOS] with few Rhyzophora along banks of stream in "depths" of mangal. MC1 - Nothing on trunks or pneumatophores or prop roots no creepers or ellopbiids or oyster or any other living mollusc except Littorina scabra on mangroves near[?] on mud substrate within mangal. [MC1] However in tidal stream were live Isognomonids & Mytilids (Brachydontes) under & on sides of rocks below water level. Plentry of dead potamidid & cerithiid & venerid shells found but none found alive. Quite a variety of algae in tidal creek. - green sausages Chylocladia, ?Hypnaea Cladophora, ?Bryopsis Gracilaria, ?Laurencia & others, Halophila ovalis(?) was this growing here?. Plus a variety of drift algae from the flats. A couple of species of sponge were found. Many crabs (darkly coloured portinids) & Paddy hunted Fiddler Crabs.
Sunday 25-V-80
Norrie had been fishing in early morning & caught [1/7?] small trevally. we left about 9am, launching boats from below Rangers Camp. Went Northwards to the channel in the reef S of Tantabiddy launching ramp. Went through & to N of channel on outer reef slope.
#T1 at base of outer reef slope, N of Tantabiddy Channe; depth about 35ft.
Coral bombies in sand - strong wave action- coarse sand. Bombies in this area did not seem to be exensions of a groove & spur formation but lay below outer slope of reef.
Cover 100-90%, dead & live coral 100%, live coral 50%. Angiosperms 0. Crustose corallines 20% sponges 0?. Of the leafy algae; Phaeophyceae 40%, Rhodophyceae 60%. Of the Phaeophyceae - prostrate 100%. Of the Rhodophyceae - jointed corallines - large bunches - <100%, other species <<5%.
#T1 Molluscs
Chromodoris - lined form, Collected samples not included yet, Arca avellana, Barbatia helblingii, B(Acar) plicata, B (A) tenella. Chama sp., Modiolus philippinarum, Septifer biliocularis, Asaphis (Heteroglypta) sp., Pinctada margaritifera, Gomphina (G.) undulosa, Periglypta resticulata, Sunetta (Sunettina) sp., Ventricoloria toreuma, Angaria delphinus, Pisania ignea, Bulla ampulla, B. vernicosa. Colubrellina (Dulcerana) granularis, Engina incarnata, Pyrene turturina, Conus lividus, C. sponsalus, C. straitus, C. textile, C. virgo, Vexillum (Pusia) lautum , Coralliophila costularis, Scabricola (Swainsonia) ocellata eckerae, Drupella cornus, Morula uva, Nassarius (Telasco) limnaeiformis, Malea pomum, Toma cf T. chinensis, Turbo argyrostomus.
#T2 Coral Bombies in longshore channel S of Tantabiddy launching ramp. 
Cover (on the bombies) 100%, d&l coral 100, l coral >50%. Angiosperms (in the sand at base of bombies small patches of Halophila (small sp.)). Crustose corallines 20%. Of the leafy algae; Chlolophyceae <5%, Rhodophyceae. Of the Chlorophyceae; 100 Siphonales (Boodleopsis). Of the Rhohophyceae; jointed corallines 10%, other 90%. Of the non coralline reds; filamentous 80%, other >20->30% (more under overhanfs), iridescent Laurencia, soft flat thallus (large clumps large thalli with holes).
#T2 Molluscs
Hyotissa hyotis loose & attached, Sondylus, Chama, Turbo argyrostoma +++, Tridacna maxima, Tectus pyramis, Drupella cornus ++, + ?D. cornus, Cerithium echinatum +++ (collected samples not included yet), Arca avellana, Septifer bilocularis, Pinctada albina, Bulla ampulla, Colubrellina (Dulcerana) granularis, Cerithium novaehallandiae, Rhinoclavis fasciata, Pyrene turturina, Conus sponsalis, Coralliophila violacea, Mitra (Strigatella) ticaonica, Natrica euzona, Patella (Scutellastra) flexinosa, Strombus mutabilis.
We the travelled around over reef S of landing ramp.
T4 Mid-Reef flat between Bombies & outer reef flat coral area.
sand over rubble & basement rock. >50% cover 100% algae. 40% Chlorophyceae; <100% Caulerpa - creeping through sand [sketch]. 60% Phaeophyceae; 50% Padina? (rolled edges), 50% Sargassum - flat thallus - fairly short ~ 1'
T5 Inner part of outer reef flat
rubble & sand. 25% cover. 10% coral (d&l) nearly 100 live. ?crustose corallines maybe 40%. 100% Phaeophyceae; ~15% Padina (rolled), -85% Sargassum 2 spp. length 1 1/2' (no Caluerpa).
T6 further out on inner part of outer reef flat
Cover >50, sand & rubble. ? crustose corralines ?. Of leafy algae; 100% Phaeophyceae. 40% Sargassum, 20% Padina, 40% Dictyota 2 spp (long & thin, & shorter & clumpier), all <1' high.
Cerithium columna, C. echinatum, Conus lividus, C. sponsalis, Nass. (Niotha) albescens, Nass. (Telasco) limnaeiformis
T7 Outer Reef flat - Holothurian zone
Cover 80%. 30% d&l coral, 50% l coral. 10% crustose corallines. Of the leafy algae; <100% short red algae. Of which; ?40% filamentous, 60% leafy reds. <10% Chlorophyceae; <100 Penecillium, <5 Cladophora (epiphyte). 
Tridacna maxima present
Outer reef flat - Holuthurian zone
(inshore from Rope (further S than T2)) (collected earlier #11 on 31-V-80)
80% cover, 100% algae. 50% Rhodophyceae (short - see samples). 50% Chlorophyceae; Caulerpa 3 spp. or more, ?Cladophora (epiphytic) (see algae & molluscs collected)
T3 Off Tantabiddy Rangers Camp
Zone of long fucoids is split by the deep channel so that there is a long fucoid zone E & W of the channel (deep & sandy). The long fucoids cut out - seaward & landward in shallower water.
Monday 26-V-80
[notes on morning activites pre fieldwork]
 #MP1 SW of Mangrove Point
-poorly marked channel through outer reef slap & reef crest. rubble & sandy pools in outer reef flat coral.
Cover 100%l dead & live coral <100; live coral 10-20%. Angiosperms 0. Crustose corallines 90% on dead coral & rubble. Sponges <5% (grey). Of the leafy algae; Chloropyceae 0, Phaeophyceae 50, Rhodophyceae 50. Of the Phaeophyceae; prostrate 50 (filamentous), fucoids 50 (Sargassum bases). Of the Rhodophyceae; jointed corallines <100, other <5%. Of these; <5 filamentous, <100 Eucheuma, iridescent Laurencia
#MP1 Molluscs
Turbo agyrostoma ++++++, b&w drupe ++++, Columbellids (squat) Pyrene turturina ++ under rocks, Coralliophila violacea +++ Porites, White isognomon (under rocks), Spondylus +, Haliotus asinina, ? Colubrariid + Pisania ignea, Tectus pyramis +++, Lambis chiragra, Tellina (Arcopagia), Cypraea caputserpentis, Cypraea moneta, Cypraea helvola, Drupa cornus +++, Cyprae arabica (or lustrio), Tectus fenestratus (not pagodus as given before), Conus sp. (med size), Cerithiid C. echinatum, Cypraea ?lynx, Cypraea ?asellus, Conus sp (small white) C. sponsalis, White columbellid (slender), Cryptochiton, Periclypta reticulata
MP2 S of false channel (see #MP1) & N of Mangrove Creek Channel
Patchy living & dead coral with proportions changing -> spotting as seen on photo.
S again - but still N of Channel. Strong E/W striations of living coral & dead rubble. On the N side of Mangrove Creek Passage there are large bombies both inside & outside reef crest area. Channel not very deep ~ 20' - sandy bottom. On outside of Channel on NW corner - Gerry & Paddy mada a [?]rotenone station in cavern beneath a large bombie.
MP2 - Outer end of Ningaloo Reef WA - passage though outer reef opposite Mangrove Creek approx 6m.
#MP2 Mangrove Creek Passage
outside on north-west corner of passage - dived briefly- without lung - on bombies - bad ear prevented me from making this a proper station. Proportions of algae much as at MP1 except that cover of 100% is on of about 70-80% living coral & there was thus proportionally less crustose corallines.
Molluscs
Mancinella mancinella, dead juvenile Lambis cf chiragra, Cypraea histrio, large purple mputhed thaid, large cone, Periglypta oragne teeth, Isognomon white, Turbo agyrostoma ++++++, Drupella cornus +++++, Arcid B. helblingi, Trapezium, small white cone C. sponsalis, Cypraea sp, Drupe yellow mouthed, Cerithium, Cypraea caputserpentis ++++, Columbellids (squat) Pyrene turturina, v small limpet of Mancinella + (on much eroded site), [?]Iriphorids. Septipher. Natica euzona.
S of Mangrove Point but N of Mangrove channel - no fucoids in lagoon. Acropora patches. ? Caulerpa or Angiosperm patches (v. infrequent). Coral gives way to sand coming shorewards from outer reef flat, strong growth of surface dwelling filamentous algae on sand in patches. Fucoid beds come in N of Mangrove Point.
T3 Tantabiddy Camp Beach (see also 190V 80 & 18-v)
Beach drift; Mytilid sp 1 Brachidontes ustulatus, Mytilid sp 2 Modiolus philippinam, Amblichilepes check Macroschisma munita, ? Leptnoid ?, Naticid N. guatteriana, Ospithobranch (burrowing type - on Caulerpa), Septifer. (Cont. -> [next page])
Tantabiddy Camp beach intertidal muddy-sand flat.
deep rooted green ?Sipohnales (Avrainvillea) spongy thallus - dark gree. Valonia (sausage shaped, dense), Caulerpa sp (dense grapes), Caulerpa sp cf C. prolifera (3 spp), ? Bryopsis forming large dense mats (thick) - sediment traps, Feathery red cf Dasya, fucoid - ? Sargassum, Caulerpa scapelliformis, 
T3
Valonia. Penecillus, Sargassum, Padina, Polysiphonia, Cladophora or Derbesia, Chylocladia or Cheilocladia, Halophila ovata, Boodleopsis, Laurencia 1 or 2 spp, Red - ? Acanthophora. Red - Lomentoria ? Gelibella?, Green - ? Ernodesmis?, Halophila (fine) forming dense thick sediment catching mats. 
T3 Moll. cont. 
Pinctada albina, Placamen foliacea, Bulla ampulla, Cronia avellana, Morula granulata, Nassarius (Hina) pauperus, Nassarius (Niotha) albina, N. (Niotha) echinatus, N. (Niotha) livescens, N (Telasco) limnaeiformis, Natica gualteriana, Nerita undata, Pupa solida, Tonna perdix, Trochus harleyanus, Tectus (Tectus) fenetratus, Tectus pyramis, Turbo argyrostomus.
#MB1 see 24-V
[sketch map of Mangrove Bay]
Zonation; Siphonarians, Oysters (both Planaxis), Nerites. Photos of oysters close up of general habitat & of white egret. Weed collection at mouth of tidal creek.
Tuesday 27-V-80 PHOTO
We all set off for Pilgramunna S of Mandu Mandu. Easily launched boats at High Tide. Went out to outer reef flat to look at Channel - seas too high to do any work in channel & rest of reef flat was easily seen from boat - tabular Acropora area very extensive on either side of channel. Went S of chanel & in over channel - sandy - to shallow water near length of coast fronted by low cliff of beachrock. The area investigated was fairly near to the N end of the cliff - the algal growth might be more extensive further south - even so it was very similar to the red algal zone seen - but not investigated - N of Mandu Mandu & just S of the coral area near Turquoise Bay. Perhaps the presence of the beachrock cliffs allows a deeper channel to form inshore - the sand is less mobile & shallower with the basement rock - presumably continous with the cliffs - closer to the surface allowing algal attachment. The same type of area allows coral (& sponge) growth inshore in perhaps deeper areas or areas further from the end of the cliff.
#P1
S of Pilgramunna beach - shallow inshore sand & weed area off beachrock sohre. - fine sand over rock - not ripples - v little or no wave action. Covver 10-15%, d&l coral 0. Angiosperms 0. Crustose corallines 10%, Sponges 20%, (Anemones in sand (attached to rock below) in sand everywhere). Of the leafy algae; Chlorophycaea 10%, Phaeophyceae 0(-><5% inshore), Rhodophyceae 90%. Of the Chlorophyceae; Caulerpa 70%, Dictyosphaeria 30(more inshore), (& Penicillus inshore). Of the Rhodophyceae; jointed corallines 0(->10 inshore), other 100(->90). Of these; filamentous 10, other 90%.
Offshore from this area. Outer edge of channel & halfway across -> rubble c filamnetous algae -> sand & fine rubble - filamentous reds on sand & rubble.
#P1 Molluscs
Bulla (large), Melo +, Cerithium echinata ++++, Strombus mutabilus ++++++. Cerithium (small white) ++++++, C. tenuifilosum, C. columna, Cypraea moneta ++, Mitra (brown) + Vexilum vulpecula jukeii, Conus doreensis ++++++, Naticids + Natica cf gualteriana, Opisthobranchs (long white) ++ (for others see collection), Pseudovertagus aluco, Rhinoclavis fasciata, Mitra mitra, Mitra (Strig) scutulata, Scabicola (Sw) ocellata eckerae, F. (F.) fragum. Mod. philippinarum Septifer bilocularis, Conus sponsalis, Lampusia nicobaricum, Latirus walkeri, Macroschisma munita, Nodilittorina nodosa, Cronia avellana, Nassarius (Niotha) albina, N. (Niotha) echinatus, N. (Niotha) gaudiosus, N (Telasco) limnaeiformis, Cellana radiata orientalis, Pupa solida.
#P2
Inshore area of Longshore Channel - very dar patch. S of Pilgramunna (lighter patches area coral). Cover 80 (in sand). d&l coral 0, Angiosperms 0, Worm tubes 50%, Crustose corallines0, Sponges 0. Of the leafy algae; Chlorophyceae 50%, Phaeophyceae 0, Rhodophyceae 60%. Of the Chlorophyceae; Boodleopsis 100%. Of the Rhodophyceae; jointed corallines 0, other 100%. Of which; filamentous perhaps 70%, other 30%, Laurencia Gelidium others.
#P2 Molluscs
Tellina sp (large), Bulla (large), Cerithium fasciatum, Scissulina sp.
Just N of Pilgramunna landing (in channel) area large area of sandy bottom covered by dense patches of filamentous red algae (blue-green?) - so thick that network appearance is produced by burrowing organisms. Inshore - rock covered by short algae (as in P1).
#P3 Pilgramunna
- low intertidal rocky reef. c sand in pockets & between rock patches. 20% Crustose corallines. Of leafy algae; 70% Red, <20 Brown Dictyota(but see!), 10 green Penecillium (small & numerous). Of the red; all iridescent dicot red Laurencia. 
#P3 Molluscs
Conus dorreensis ++++, Cerithium echinatum ++++, Strombus mutabilis ++++, Tridacna maxima, Periglypta reticulata, Cypraea histrio, Planaxis sulcatus, Tonna sp cf T. chinensis
#P3a (could these be labelled "3b"?)
Mid-High intertidal rocks
v. dense S cuccullata, all small individuals, though not all young. Littorinids - L. scabra - L. pyramidalus. Planaxids & Sihponarians laying eggs. Cellarids. Oysters with v. mant thaids boring them, Thais aculeata. Chitons (large granular). Vermetids (Drupe) Cronia avellana, Cymitiid?.
We then went S to Yardie Creek. Where I collected beachdrift & also flooddrift inside bar. & collected intertidal oysters & limpets on rocky reef to S of bar.
#Y
Acmeids, P. saccharina & Siphonarians - Above oysters. Thaids ? T. aculeata eating Vermetids, ? eating Septifer, none seen eating oysters here - unlike Pilgramunna. heap of ! Posidonia in drift. [sketch map of site]
Y1
Anadara antiquata, Arca avellona, Barbatia fusca, Acrosterigma dupuchense, A. reeveanum, Fragum (F) fragum, F(F) uneda, Chama sp., Brachidontes ustulatus, Modiolus philippinarum, Pinctada albina, Gomphina (G.) undulosa, Periglypta resticulata, Pitar atrina, Placamen calophylla, Placamen foliacea, T(T.)sp cf Tapes deshayesii, Cantharus erythrostoma, Bulla ampulla, Conus coranatus, Conus doreensis, Diodora jukesii, Macroschisma munita, Mitra (Strigatella) scutulata, Morula margariticola, Nassa francolina, Thais aculeata, Polinices melanostomus, Nerita undata, Cellana radiata orientalis, Planaxis sulcatis, Stombus mutabilis, Tonna canaliculata, Tectus pyramis, Turbo argyrostomus.
28-V-80
Afternoon Bundegi Reef, Exmouth G. B#
Barbatia fusca, B. helblingii, Acrosterigma dupuchense, Lithophaga nasuta, Modidus philippinosum, Pinctada albina, Spondylus sp., Tapes(T.) literata, T.(.T)sp cf deshayesii, Cantharus erythiostoma, Bulla vernicosa, Clypeomorus zonata, Rhinoclavus bituberculatum, Vexillum vulpecula jukesii, Latirus walkeri, Diodora jukesii, Cronia avellana, C. (Ergalatax) contracta, Morula granulata, Morula margariticola, M. marginatra, Nassarius (Niotha) albina, N (Niotha) livesceus, Natica gualteriana, Nerita squamulata, Strombus mutabilis, Strombus (Canarium) urceus orrae, Tectus (Tectus) fenestratus, Turbo (Mam.) cidaris

[Short classfication write up on zoning based on species distribution (A-G) and reef zones (I-VII) with accompanying table]
Plants
T1: Amphiroa sp ?Ralfsia(brown); 1/9b: 2 unknown reds, Chylocladia (red), Anadyomene, Caulerpa spp.; T3: Cladophora or Derbesia, 3 spp Caulerpa, Polysephonia sp & others, "Chylocladia", Dargassum sp, Padina, Avrainvillea sp & 2 red indet.; MC: Halophila ovalis, Cladopha ?, Cheilocladia [sic!], Gracilaria & 2 red indet.; 1/8: Halophila ovalis, Cystophyllum sp.(=Caulocystis uvifera), Dicyota, Sargassum, Also red fil. [sketch of sp], & red anastomosing - thicker more brittle [sketch of sp]; 1/9a: Chylocladia, 3 Caulerpa, 2 Laurencia; L1: Dictyota,-red alternate brancing - flat bown - dicot banching but c thick not flat thallus (like Dictyota); T3: Penecillus, Valonia, Halophila ovata, Cladophara; MM3: Caulerpa sp, Amphiroa, "Lithothamnion", red elg. flat - serrate margins & cross striations, also red - like Padina - cross striations - bisected fan; MB: Halophila ovata in [male symbol?] flower; P2: fil red [sketch of sp]; T2: Amphiroa, red soft - holed (like sieve); P3: (Bryopsis); T3: (Bryopsis)
Xanthophyceae, Vaucheria, [?](Heterosphonales), Chlorophyceae
Siphonales - macroscopic ones; Codiaceae, Boodleopsis (fil. constrict'd above forks not anastomosing), Halimeda, Avrainvillea. Udotea (flat, cup or digitate), Penicillus, Codium, Caulerpaceae, Caulerpa
Bryopsidaceae - plumose Bryopsis (?foliosa subs[?])
Derbesiaceae - not plumose Derbesia
Siphonocladiales; Dasycladaceae; Acetabularia spores not calcified discs, Acicularia spores calc-d united disk, Neomaris [sketch of sp]
Valoniaceae; Halicystis unicell vescicle, Valonia - apparently unicell but multicell, Struvea (netlike blades), Anadyomene (blades continous), Boodlea spongy - often concrescent
Ulotrichales; Ulvaceae; Enteromorpha tubular in part, Ulva blade 2 cells thick
Cladophorales; Cladophoraceae; Cladophora branched, Chaelomorpha coarse unbranched
Phaeophyceae
Ectocarpales; Ectocarpaceae (fil. 1 cell thick but side brances may be more.), Ectocapus; Sphacelariales fl polysiphonians - small turf or epiphyte, Sphacelaria; Dictyotales, Dictyota all flat sections alt. branch, Spatoglossum - irregular, Dictyopteris (mid rib), Zonaria (transverse bands of hairs midribs at base), Pocockiella (no midribs ever), Stypopodium (no midrib. large c large hold fast. transverse rows of hairs), Padina edge rolled.
Chordariales; Ralfsiaceae: Ralfsia somewhat brittle more or less attached. Chordariaceae; Levringia / [?] as Mesogloia, Eudesme, Mesogloia, Stilophoraceae, Stilophora.
Sporochnales; Sporochnaceae: Nereia 0 tufts sissile, Sporochnus tufts stalked. Punctariaceae: Colpomenia saccate, Hydroclathus clathrate.
Fucales; Fucaceae: Ascophyllum, Fucus. Sargassaceae: Cystoseira, Turbinaria
Rhodophyceae
Bangiales; Bangiaceae: Porphyra. Nemalionales; Nemalion turgid & irreg branched. Helminthocladiaceae; Liagora, Helminthocladia. Chaetangiaceae: Galaxanra bushy somewhat calc'd dicot. br. pilose or smooth. Bonnemaisoniaceae: Asparagopsis. Gelidiales; Gelidiaceae: Gelidium mod->small, Pterocladia mod->small usually br. Cryptonemiales; Squamariaceae, Peyssonelia [?]-> mod calc. Corallinaceae SF-> Melobesieae; Melobesia. Lithothamnium, Lithophyllum, Goniothon, Porolithon, SF Corallineae, Amphiroa, Corallinia, Jania. Grateloupiceae; Halymenia thin or thick, Grateloupia, Cryptonemia flat branched, Kallymeniaceae, Kallymenia flat perforate or not. Gigartinales; Gracilariaceae: Gracilaria bushy branched flat or thick. Plocamiaceae: Plocanium bush lfat. Solieriaceae: Eucheuma - often papillose, A gardhiella - br. thick - multibranched. Hypneaceae: Hypnea often c spinulose branches & crozierlips[?]. Gigartinaceae: Gygartina often pointed yips to branches alt. br. Rhodymeniales: Rhodymeniaceae: Fauchea flat thin [?] peltate, Leptofauchea solid flat reg. dichot., Chrysymenia thick - fleshy branches hollow, Cryptarachne like above but flat blades. Caelarthrum [sketch of sp], Botryocladia axes slender - strong bearing bladder-like branches, Rhodymenia membranes fronds, Champiaceae: Champia bushy tufted hollow alt. div. Ceramiales; Ceramiaceae: Griffithsia, Spyridia fine feathers. Delesseriaceae: Hypoglossum flat branches from midrib, Martensia. Dasyaceae: Dasya stout main branches c filiform branchs, Heterosiponia v fine terminal br, Dictyurus reliculate caps. Rhodomelaceae: Laurencia, Bostrychia, Polysiphonia.