camel trains were the essential means of transport allowing for the earliest colonial exploration, pastoral and mining developments throughout Outback Australia. Prohibited by Australian Immigration regulations from bringing wives or children, most of these hardy pioneers put in a few years of hard work then returned to their homelands. A significant number, however, married Aboriginal or European wives, had large numbers of children and formed small settlements referred to as 'Ghan towns' in proximity to the routes of their camels trains in Australia.